مدل مفهومی پیاده‌سازی استار‌ت‌آپ‌ها با استفاده از رویکرد مدیریت پروژه مبتنی بر استاندارد PMBOK با تاکید بر صنعت ساخت ایران

نوع مقاله : یادداشت پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت پروژه و ساخت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار و عضو هیات علمی گروه فناوری معماری (مدیریت پروژه و ساخت)، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در عصر حاضر، کسب و کارهای نوپا (استارت‌آپ‌ها) یکی از موثرترین عوامل پیشرفت اقتصادی جوامع توسعه یافته به شمار می‌روند. از طرفی وجود برخی کاستی‌ها شکل‌گیری و پیشبرد این کسب و کارها را با چالش‌های بزرگی مواجه کرده است. ازاینرو، تحقیق حاضر از طریق واکاوی مبانی نظری در مورد مراحل شکل‌گیری استارت‌آپ‌ها، شناسایی عوامل مختلف تاثیرگذار محیطی در توسعه کسب و کارهای نوپای استارتاپی در حوزه ساخت و کاوش بکارگیری علم مدیریت پروژه در این زمینه انجام شده است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، تبیین مدل مفهومی پیاده‌سازی استارت‌آپ‌ها با استفاده از رویکرد مدیریت پروژه مبتنی‌بر استاندارد PMBOK با تاکید بر صنعت ساخت ایران است. پژوهش حاضر، از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و نحوه انجام توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده که با استفاده از روش تحلیل کیفی و راهبرد نظریه داده‌ بنیاد انجام شده است. در این راستا، بیست نفر متخصص در حوزه استارت‌آپ‌های ساخت به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند که پس از مطالعه مبانی نظری و انجام مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختاریافته، داده‌ها در سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. پس از بررسی روایی و پایایی آنها، مدل نهایی تبیین گردید و در نهایت به تایید ده متخصص و کارشناس در حوزه ساخت رسید. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که می‌توان شکل‌گیری استارت‌آپ را یک پروژه، که منابع و داده‌ اولیه آن، ایده اولیه و خروجی آن، محصول نوآورانه یا خدمات جدید و توسعه استارت‌آپ باشد، در‌نظر گرفت. درواقع، مدل مفهومی ارائه‌شده، با بهره‌گیری از تفکر پروژه‌بنیان و نیز بکارگیری رویکرد مدیریت پروژه‌‌محور به‌طور کل و استاندارد مذکور به‌طور اخص می‌تواند در پیشبرد موثر کسب و کارهای نوپا در قالب استارت‌آپ pre-seed, seed, scale up, expansion, IPO)) در حوزه صنعت ساخت، در راستای تاب‌آوری و دستیابی‌به تعالی مدنظر، به فعالان این عرصه در بسترهای کاری پویا، رقابتی و پیچیده امروزی کمک شایانی کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Conceptual model of implementing startups using the project management approach based on PMBOK standard with emphasis on Iran's construction industry

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Forouzanfar 1
  • Behnod Barmayehvar 2
1 Master of Project and Construction Management, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Art, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor in Technology of Architecture (Project and Construction Management), Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Art, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, start-ups are one of the most effective factors in the economic development of developed societies. On the other hand, the existence of some shortcomings has made the formation and promotion of these businesses face great challenges. Therefore, the present study has been done by analyzing the theoretical foundations of the stages of formation of startups, identifying various environmental factors in the development of startup start-up businesses in the field of construction and exploring the application of project management science in this field. The main purpose of this study is to explain the conceptual model of startup implementation using a project management approach based on the PMBOK standard with emphasis on the Iranian construction industry. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method, which has been done using qualitative analysis method and strategy of data foundation theory. In this regard, twenty experts in the field of construction startups were purposefully selected. After studying the theoretical foundations and conducting semi-structured interviews, the data were analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. After reviewing their validity and reliability, the final model was explained and finally approved by ten experts in the field of construction. Research findings show that startup formation can be considered a project whose primary sources and data, initial idea and output, innovative product or new service and startup development. In fact, the proposed conceptual model, using the project-based thinking and also the project-based project management approach in general and the standard in particular, can effectively promote start-up businesses (pre-seed, seed, scale up, expansion, IPO) in the construction industry; in line with resilience and achieving the desired excellence, in order to help the activists in this field in today's dynamic, competitive and complex work contexts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Startup
  • Project management
  • PMBOK standard
  • Startup businesses
  • Construction industry
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