بررسی میزان ایمنی پروژه های گود عمیق شهری پایدار شده به روش مهار متقابل با استفاده از روش های مبتنی بر ارزیابی ریسک و تحلیل خرابی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سیرجان، سیرجان، ایران

چکیده

گسترش شهرها و افزایش شدید قیمت زمین باعث گشته که بر تعداد طبقات زیرزمینی و عمق گودبرداری افزوده گردد و باتوجه به اینکه تامین ایمنی در کارگاه‌های گودبرداری، علاوه بر تضمین سلامت کارکنان، منجر به افزایش کیفیت فعالیت‌های پروژه می‌گردد لذا یکی از مسائل مهم در ساخت و سازه‌های شهری، ایجاد پایداری مناسب در هنگام تخریب و گودبرداری است، عملیات گودبرداری در زمره عملیات‌های خاکی خطرناک قرار دارد. براساس آمارهای موجود همه ساله در پروژه‌های گودبرداری بدلیل عدم رعایت اصول ایمنی، انسان‌های زیادی جان خود را از دست داده یا صدمات شدیدی می‌بینند. دراین تحقیق، ابتدا با انجام مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای، فهرستی از ریسک‌های مؤثر در پروژه های گود عمیق شهری پایدار شده به روش مهار متقابل تهیه شد و از طریق پرسشنامه، نظر خبرگان حوزه گودبرداری و ژئوتکنیک در شهر کرمان جمع‌آوری و در نرم‌افزار SPSS تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد. سپس ماتریس تصمیم‌گیری بر اساس شاخص‌ها و معیارهای موردنظر تشکیل و با استفاده از پرسشنامه مربوط به روش ویکورفازی و بر اساس معیارهای «میزان تأثیر»، «میزان اهمیت» و «وجود ابزار لازم» رتبه‌بندی شدند.بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق ریسک های «عدم امکان یا سختی زیاد در اجرا برای گود های با عرض زیاد»،« محدودیت اجرایی در پروژه‌های با هندسه یا ژئومتری نامنظم»،« عدم امکان استفاده برای افزایش عمق گود در زمان اجرا یا پس از اتمام گودبرداری»،« جاگیری زیاد در گود و ایجاد مزاحمت برای اجرای فونداسیون و سازه»،« امکان برخورد تجهیزات و ماشین آلات با المان ها و به مخاطره انداختن آنها»،« ریزش دیواره‌ها و سقوط المان‌ها»،« افزایش هزینه اجرا در گود های عمیق و زمین های بزرگ نسبت به روش های معمول»،« افزایش زمان اجرا در گودهای عمیق و زمین‌های بزرگ نسبت به روش‌های معمول»،« سقوط از ارتفاع در هنگان کار بر روی اتصالات»،« نیاز به کنترل کیفی دقیق جهت اجرای مهارها به ویژه اتصالات» به ترتیب دارای بالاترین میزان تأثیر می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating The Safety Level of Urban Deep Excavation Projects Stabilized by Method of Braced Excavations (struts) Using Methods Based on Risk Assessment and Failure Analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • erfan anjomshoa 1
  • Ali Karbakhsh 2
1 MSc, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch, Kerman, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan Branch, Sirjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The expansion of cities and the increase in the price of land has caused an increase in the number of underground floors and the depth of excavation, and considering that ensuring safety in excavation workshops, in addition to ensuring the health of employees, leads to an increase in the quality of the project, therefore, one of the important issues in urban construction and structures. Is to create proper stability during excavation, excavation is one of the dangerous earth operations. According to available statistics, many people lose their lives every year in excavation projects due to non-compliance with safety principles. In this research, first by conducting library studies, a list of effective risks in sustainable urban deep pit projects was prepared using the strut method, and experts' opinions were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS software. Then the decision matrix was formed based on the desired indicators and criteria and were ranked using a questionnaire and based on the criteria of "level of influence", "level of importance" and "existence of necessary tools." Execution for wide pits", "Execution limitation in projects with irregular geometry or geometry", "Inability to use to increase the depth of the pit during execution or after the completion of excavation", "Too much settling in the pit and causing disturbance to the implementation of the foundation and structure", "the possibility of equipment and machinery colliding with the elements and putting them at risk", "collapse of walls and elements falling", "increasing the cost of implementation in deep pits and large fields compared to usual methods", "increasing Implementation time in deep pits and large fields compared to usual methods", "Falling from a height during work on connections", "need for strict quality control to implement restraints, especially connections" have the highest impact, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Safety Excavation
  • Braced excavations
  • Struts Method
  • Risk Assessment
  • Fuzzy Vikor Method
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