Utilizing recycled materials, such as scrap tires, in composite sections offers environmental benefits and significant potential for enhancing structural deformability. This study experimentally evaluates the axial compressive behavior, ductility, and failure mechanisms of Rubberized Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (RUCFT) columns compared to conventional Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (CFT) specimens. Two groups of columns were designed and subjected to axial compression, with 5% of the coarse aggregate volume replaced by crumb rubber in the RUCFT specimens while all other parameters remained constant. The results showed a 17.5% reduction in ultimate load-bearing capacity due to the lower stiffness of rubber particles. However, the flexibility of the rubberized concrete matrix combined with steel-tube confinement increased the displacement ductility factor (μ) by 16.3% to 2.28 and improved ultimate displacement by 25.5%. The RuCFT columns also exhibited stable post-peak behavior. Both groups failed through diagonal shear cracking at approximately 45° in the concrete core, accompanied by outward local buckling of the steel tube. Despite the controlled reduction in strength, rubberized concrete enhanced the deformation and energy-absorption capacity of the composite columns. Comparison with Eurocode 4 showed conservative predictions, with mean Fm/Npl,Rd ratios of 1.14 for CFT and 1.25 for RUCFT column specimens under realistic axial loading conditions.