[1] Shayan, A., & Grimstad, J. (2006). Deterioration of concrete in a hydroelectric concrete gravity dam and its characterisation. Cement and Concrete Research, 36(2), 371-383.
[2] Fernandes, I., Noronha, F., & Teles, M. (2007). Examination of the concrete from an old Portuguese dam: texture and composition of alkali–silica gel. Materials Characterization, 58(11-12), 1160-1170.
[3] Fernandes, I., Silva, A. S., Gomes, J. P., de Castro, A. T., Noronha, F., & dos Anjos Ribeiro, M. (2013). Characterization of deleterious expansive reactions in Fagilde dam. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, 2, 299-312.
[4] Grengg, C., Mittermayr, F., Baldermann, A., Böttcher, M. E., Leis, A., Koraimann, G., Grunert, P., & Dietzel, M. (2015). Microbiologically induced concrete corrosion: A case study from a combined sewer network. Cement and Concrete Research, 77, 16-25.
[5] Qu, F., Zhao, H., Wu, K., Liu, Y., Zhao, X., & Li, W. (2023). Phase transformation and microstructure of in-situ concrete after 20-year exposure to a harsh mining environment: A case study. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 19, e02287.
[6] Bahramloo, R. (2007). Investigation of concrete degradation causes in irrigation canal linings (Case Study: Hamedan-Bahar Plain). Irrigation and Drainage Structural Engineering Research, 8(3), 81-92.
[7] Anbarsouz, M., Ebrahimi, K., & Amiri Talkedani, E. (2023). Study on the impact of water quality on dam structures and the Voshmgir irrigation network. Water Management and Irrigation, 13(2), 351-368.
[8] Kim, S. S., & Lee, S. T. (2010). Microstructural observations on the deterioration of concrete structure for sewage water treatment. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 14, 753-758.
[9] Ma, B., Gao, X., Byars, E. A., & Zhou, Q. (2006). Thaumasite formation in a tunnel of Bapanxia Dam in Western China. Cement and Concrete Research, 36(4), 716-722.
[10] Long, G. C., Xie, Y. J., Deng, D. H., & Li, X. K. (2011). Deterioration of concrete in a railway tunnel suffering from sulfate attack. Journal of Central South University, 18(3), 881-888.
[11] Ma, K. L., Long, G. C., & Xie, Y. J. (2012). Railway tunnel concrete lining damaged by formation of gypsum, thaumasite, and sulfate crystallization products in southwest China. Journal of Central South University, 19(8), 2340-2347.
[12] Liu, Z., Zhang, F., Deng, D., Xie, Y., Long, G., & Tang, X. (2017). Physical sulfate attack on concrete lining–A field case analysis. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 6, 206-212.
[13] Li, C., Wu, M., Chen, Q., & Jiang, Z. (2018). Chemical and mineralogical alterations of concrete subjected to chemical attacks in complex underground tunnel environments during 20–36 years. Cement and Concrete Composites, 86, 139-159.
[14] Sarkar, S. L., Bhadra, A. K., & Mandal, P. K. (1994). Investigation of mortar and stone deterioration in the Victoria Memorial, Calcutta. Materials and Structures, 27, 548-556.
[15] Bartholomew, R. F. (1980). The protection of concrete piles in aggressive ground conditions: An international appreciation. Recent Developments in the Design and Construction of Piles, 131-141
[16] Del Monte, M., & Rossi, P. (1997). Fog and gypsum crystals on building materials. Atmospheric Environment, 31(11), 1637-1646.
[17] Detwiler, R. J., Taylor, P. C., Powers, L. J., Corley, W. G., Delles, J. B., & Johnson, B. R. (2000). Assessment of concrete in sulfate soils. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 14(3), 89-96.
.
[18] Sahu, S., Badger, S., & Thaulow, N. (2002). Evidence of thaumasite formation in Southern California concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 24(3-4), 379-384.
[19] Yoshida, N., Matsunami, Y., Nagayama, M., & Sakai, E. (2010). Salt weathering in residential concrete foundations exposed to sulfate-bearing ground. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 8(2), 121-134.
[20] Scherer, G. W., Kutchko, B., Thaulow, N., Duguid, A., & Mook, B. (2011). Characterization of cement from a well at Teapot Dome Oil Field: Implications for geological sequestration. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 5(1), 115-124.
[21] Leemann, A., & Loser, R. (2011). Analysis of concrete in a vertical ventilation shaft exposed to sulfate-containing groundwater for 45 years. Cement and Concrete Composites, 33(1), 74-83.
[22] Piasta, W. (2017). Analysis of carbonate and sulphate attack on concrete structures. Engineering Failure Analysis, 79, 606-614.
[23] Ragab, A. M., Elgammal, M. A., Hodhod, O. A., & Ahmed, T. E. (2016). Evaluation of field concrete deterioration under real conditions of seawater attack. Construction and Building Materials, 119, 130-144.
[24] Hoseini, S. A., Khatirnamani, J., & Akbarzadeh, M. (2015). Vegetation changes in semi-steppe rangelands of Golestan province (Case study: Maraveh Tapeh). Iranian Natural Ecosystems, 12(2), 685-697.
[25] Mahmoudian, A., Akhrian, M., & Taher, M. N. (2021). Analysis of Aeluropus littoralis Distribution in Grazed and Protected Areas of Saline and Alkaline Rangelands in Golestan Province. Iranian Natural Ecosystems, 12(2), 1-15.
[26] American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 201. (2008). Guide for conducting a visual inspection of concrete in service. ACI 201.1 R-08.
[27] British Standard Institution. (2006). BS EN 14630: Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structure—Test Methods—Determination of carbonation depth in hardened concrete by the Phenolphthalein method.
[28] Cruz-Hernandez, Y., Chrysochoou, M., & Wille, K. (2020). Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence method to estimate the oxidation reaction progress of sulfide minerals in concrete. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 172, 105949.
[30] American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 318. (2014). Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. ACI 318 R-14.
[31] Maslehuddin, M., Al-Zahrani, M. M., Ibrahim, M., Al-Mehthel, M. H., & Al-Idi, S. H. (2007). Effect of chloride concentration in soil on reinforcement corrosion. Construction and Building Materials, 21(8), 1825-1832.
[32] Neville, A. (2004). The confused world of sulfate attack on concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(8), 1275-1296.
[33] Sakr, M. R., Bassuoni, M. T., Hooton, R. D., Drimalas, T., Haynes, H., & Folliard, K. J. (2020). Physical salt attack on concrete: Mechanisms, influential factors, and protection. ACI Materials Journal, 117(6), 253-268.
[34] Lollini, F., & Bertolini, L. (2013). Factors that affect color loss of concrete paving blocks. ACI Materials Journal, 110(1), 45.
[35] Zhou, C., Zhu, Z., Zhu, A., Zhou, L., Fan, Y., & Lang, L. (2019). Deterioration of mode II fracture toughness, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of concrete under the environment of acid rain and cyclic wetting-drying. Construction and Building Materials, 228, 116809.
[36] Pan, X., Shi, Z., Shi, C., Ling, T. C., & Li, N. (2017). A review on surface treatment for concrete–Part 2: Performance. Construction and Building Materials, 133, 81-90.
[37] European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (2004). EN 1992-1-1: Design of concrete structures—Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings.
[38] European Standard EN 206-1. (2004). Concrete: Specification, performance, production, and conformity.
[39] Standard AS. (2001). ASTM C150: Standard specification for Portland cement. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
[40] Hu, J. (2020). Carbonisation and calcium leaching-induced deterioration of concrete in dams: Field inspection and microstructural investigation. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 24(12), 2046-2069.
[41] Sakr, M. R., Abuzeid, M. A., & Bassuoni, M. T. (2022). Performance of repaired concrete piles partially embedded in sulfate-bearing soil. Engineering Failure Analysis, 138, 106365.
[42] Štukovnik, P., Bosiljkov, V. B., & Marinšek, M. (2019). Detailed investigation of ACR in concrete with silica-free dolomite aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 216, 325-336
[43] Jain, J., & Neithalath, N. (2009). Analysis of calcium leaching behavior of plain and modified cement pastes in pure water. Cement and Concrete Composites, 31(3), 176-185.
[44] Moranville, M., Kamali, S., & Guillon, E. (2004). Physicochemical equilibria of cement-based materials in aggressive environments—experiment and modeling. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(9), 1569-1578.
[45] Liu, P., Chen, Y., Wang, W., & Yu, Z. (2020). Effect of physical and chemical sulfate attack on performance degradation of concrete under different conditions. Chemical Physics Letters, 745, 137254.
[46] Liu, X., Feng, P., Yu, X., & Huang, J. (2022). Decalcification of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) under aggressive solution attack. Construction and Building Materials, 342, 127988.
[47] Bellmann, F., Möser, B., & Stark, J. (2006). Influence of sulfate solution concentration on the formation of gypsum in sulfate resistance test specimen. Cement and Concrete Research, 36(2), 358-363.
[48] Long, Z., Zhang, R., Wang, Q., Xie, C., Zhang, J., & Duan, Y. (2022). Mechanism analysis of strength evolution of concrete structure in saline soil area based on 15-year service. Construction and Building Materials, 332, 127281.
[49] Gabrisova, A., Havlica, J., & Sahu, S. (1991). Stability of calcium sulphoaluminate hydrates in water solutions with various pH values. Cement and Concrete Research, 21(6), 1023-1027.