مهندسی سازه و ساخت

مهندسی سازه و ساخت

بازیافت پسماند قهوه مصرف‌شده در ملات‌های ژئوپلیمری: رویکردی پایدار برای کاهش اثرات زیست‌محیطی و بهبود خواص مکانیکی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری سازه، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل، بابل، ایران
2 استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل، بابل، ایران
3 محقق پسا دکتری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل، بابل، ایران
4 استاد، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل، بابل، ایران
چکیده
پسماند قهوه مصرف‌شده یکی از زباله‌های زیستی پرحجم و تجزیه‌پذیر است که در صورت دفن یا انباشت نامناسب می‌تواند منجر به تولید گازهای گلخانه‌ای و آلودگی منابع شود. بازیافت این پسماند در ملات‌های ژئوپلیمری، به‌عنوان مصالح ساختمانی نوین، رویکردی پایدار برای کاهش اثرات زیست‌محیطی آن محسوب می‌شود. در این پژوهش، پسماند قهوه در سطوح مختلف ۱، ۵، ۱۰، ۱۵، ۲۰ و ۳۰٪ وزنی جایگزین سرباره کوره آهن‌گدازی (GGBFS) در ملات ژئوپلیمری شد و کارایی به‌همراه عملکرد مکانیکی نمونه‌ها شامل مقاومت فشاری، کششی و خمشی در سنین ۷، ۲۸ و ۵۶ روز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش مقدار پسماند قهوه، مقاومت فشاری کاهش خواهد یافت، اما در سنین بالاتر برخی ترکیبات عملکرد مناسبی در مقاومت‌های کششی و خمشی از خود نشان دادند. بیشترین مقاومت کششی و خمشی مربوط به نمونه‌های حاوی 15% و 20% پسماند قهوه بود که به‌ترتیب در سن ۵۶ روز حدود 19% و 7% افزایش نسبت به نمونه مرجع نشان دادند. آزمون مقاومت فشاری پس از حرارت‌دهی نیز کاهش محسوس‌تری در نمونه‌های حاوی تفاله قهوه نسبت به نمونه مرجع نشان داد. این نتایج نشان می‌دهند که استفاده هدفمند از پسماند قهوه نه تنها راهکاری مؤثر برای کاهش زباله‌های زیستی است، بلکه می‌تواند برخی خواص مکانیکی ملات ژئوپلیمری را نیز بهبود بخشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Recycling Spent Coffee Grounds in Geopolymer Mortars: A Sustainable Approach for Environmental Impact Reduction and Mechanical Performance Enhancement

نویسندگان English

Shayan Mohammadalizadeh 1
Hadi Nazarpour 2
Seyed Sina Mousavi 3
Mehdi Dehestani 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Structural Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
3 Postdoctoral researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
4 Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
چکیده English

Spent coffee grounds are a high-volume and biodegradable bio-waste that, if improperly disposed of or accumulated, can lead to greenhouse gas emissions and contamination of resources. Recycling this waste in geopolymer mortars, as a novel construction material, represents a sustainable approach to mitigate its environmental impacts. In this study, spent coffee grounds were used to partially replace ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) in geopolymer mortars at different levels (1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%), and both the workability and mechanical performance of the specimens, including compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths, were evaluated at curing ages of 7, 28, and 56 days. The results showed that increasing the amount of spent coffee grounds led to a reduction in compressive strength; however, at later ages, some mixtures exhibited satisfactory tensile and flexural performance. The highest tensile and flexural strengths were observed for the specimens containing 15% and 20% spent coffee grounds, respectively, showing approximately 19% and 7% increases compared to the reference specimen at 56 days. Compressive strength tests after heat exposure also revealed a more pronounced reduction in specimens containing spent coffee grounds compared to the reference. These results indicate that the targeted use of spent coffee grounds not only provides an effective solution for reducing bio-waste but can also enhance certain mechanical properties of geopolymer mortars.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Coffee waste
geopolymer mortar
mechanical performance
high temperature
environment
[1] Saeli, M. et al. (2023). Development of energy-saving innovative hydraulic mortars reusing spent coffee ground. Journal of Cleaner Production, 399, 136664. 
 [2] Touil, M., Lachheb, A., Saadani, R., Sanbi, M., Talidi, A. & Rahmoune, M. (2022). Experimental investigation on the combined effect of water mixing ratio and spent coffee grounds on plaster’s properties. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 36, 101488. 
[3] Saeli, M., Capela, M., Campisi, T., Seabra, M., Tobaldi, D. & La Fata, C. (2022). Architectural technologies for life environment: Spent coffee ground reuse in lime-based mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 319, 126079. 
[4] Lee, J., Song, H., Park, J. & Lee, S. (2023). Recycling Spent Coffee Grounds on Permeable Interlocking Concrete Paving Blocks. Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research, 4(4), 1-11.
[5] Yee, J., Khong, S., Tee, K., Jolius, G. & Chin, S. (2024). Spent coffee grounds enhanced compressive strength of cement mortar. Discover Applied Sciences, 6(7), 379.
[6] Bhattacharya, T., Khan, A., Ghosh, T., Kim, J. & Rhim, J. (2024). Advances and prospects for biochar utilization in food processing. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, e00831.
[7] Laird, D., Brown, R., Amonette, J. & Lehmann, J. (2009). Review of the pyrolysis platform for coproducing bio‐oil and biochar. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 3(5), 547-562.
[8] Atabani, A. et al. (2022). A state-of-the-art review on spent coffee ground (SCG) pyrolysis. Chemosphere, 286(Pt 2), 131730. 
[9] Roychand, R., Kilmartin-Lynch, S., Saberian, M., Li, J., Zhang, G. & Li, C. (2023). Transforming spent coffee grounds into a valuable resource for concrete enhancement. Journal of Cleaner Production, 419, 138205. 
[10] Na, S., Lee, S. & Youn, S. (2021). Experiment on Activated Carbon from Waste Coffee Grounds. Symmetry, 13(4), 619. 
 [11] Shao, J. et al. (2024). Evaluation on modified treatment of spent coffee grounds on concrete performance. Journal of Building Engineering, 97, 110910.
[12] Anisah, A. et al. (2021). Furnace temperature of coffee grounds as cementitious material. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Bristol: IOP Publishing, 022087.
[13] Lin, L.-K., Kuo, T.-M., & Hsu, Y.-S. (2016). The application and evaluation research of coffee residue ash into mortar. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 18(3), 541–551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-015-0351-5
[14] Kua, T., Imteaz, M., Arulrajah, A. & Horpibulsuk, S. (2018). Environmental viability of Alkali Activated Material. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 12(4), 223-232. 
[15] Kua, T., Arulrajah, A., Horpibulsuk, S., Du, Y. & Shen, S. (2016). Strength assessment of spent coffee grounds-geopolymer cement. Construction and Building Materials, 115, 565-575.
[16] Arulrajah, A., Kua, T., Suksiripattanapong, C. & Horpibulsuk, S. (2017). Stiffness and strength properties of spent coffee grounds-recycled glass geopolymers. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 20(3), 623-638. 
[17] Vivek, S. & Dhinakaran, G. (2022). Strength of self-compacting concrete. In: F. Colangelo, R. Cioffi & I. Farina (Eds.), Handbook of Sustainable Concrete (pp. 387-405). Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.
[18] El-Chabib, H. (2020). Properties of SCC with cementing materials. In: R. Siddique (Ed.), Self-Compacting Concrete (pp. 283-308). Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.
[19] García-Lodeiro, I., Palomo, A. & Fernández-Jiménez, A. (2007). Alkali–aggregate reaction in fly ash systems. Cement and Concrete Research, 37(2), 175-183.
[20] Fernández-Jiménez, A., Palomo, A. & Criado, M. (2005). Microstructure development of alkali-activated fly ash cement. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(6), 1204-1209.
[21] McDonald, M. & Thompson, J. (2005). Sodium silicate: A binder for the 21st century. Pennsylvania: PQ Corporation.
[22] Le, T., Park, S., Lee, J. & Lee, D. (2021). Strength of spent coffee grounds and oyster shells cemented with GGBS- based alkaline-activated materials. Construction and Building Materials, 267, 120986.
[23] Wang, K., Mishulovich, A. & Shah, S. (2007). Activations of cement-kiln dust and fly ash. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 19(1), 112-119.
[24] Lima, F., Gomes, T., & Moraes, J. (2023). Effect of coffee husk ash as alkaline activator in one-part alkali-activated binder. Construction and Building Materials, 362, 129799.
[25] Ramos, F. J. H. T. V., Marques, M. d. F. V., de Oliveira Aguiar, V., Gondim, F. F., dos Santos Gomes, L., & de Oliveira Gomes, P. H. (2024). Geopolymer composites reinforced with silverskin fibers from the coffee industry waste. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 31, 3287–3300.
[26] Onisei, S., Lesage, K., Blanpain, B., & Pontikes, Y. (2015). Early age microstructural transformations of an inorganic polymer made of fayalite slag. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 98(7), 2269–2277.
[27] Adediran, A., Yliniemi, J., Moukannaa, S., Ramteke, D., Perumal, P., & Illikainen, M. (2023). Enhancing the thermal stability of alkali-activated Fe-rich fayalite slag-based mortars by incorporating ladle and blast furnace slags: Physical, mechanical and structural changes. Cement and Concrete Research, 166, 107098.
[28] Manso Blanco, S., & Aguado de Cea, A. (2017). A review of sample preparation and its influence on pH determination in concrete samples. Materiales de Construcción, 67(325), 1–10.
[29] Song, H.-W., Saraswathy, V., Muralidharan, S., Lee, C.-H., & Thangavel, K. (2009). Role of alkaline nitrites in the corrosion performance of steel in composite cements. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 39, 15–22.
[30] Wang, K., Mishulovich, A., & Shah, S. P. (2007). Activations and properties of cementitious materials made with cement-kiln dust and class F fly ash. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 19(1), 112–119.
[31] Räsänen, V. & Penttala, V. (2004). pH measurement of concrete powder suspension. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(5), 813-820.
[32] Mori, T., Nonaka, T., Tazaki, K., Koga, M., Hikosaka, Y. & Noda, S. (1992). Interactions on microbial corrosion of concrete. Water Research, 26(1), 29-37.
[33] Loh, P., Shafigh, P. & Ibrahim, Z. (2024). pH measurement of cement-based materials. Construction and Building Materials, 411, 134525.
[34] Haga, K., Shibata, M., Hironaga, M., Tanaka, S. & Nagasaki, S. (2002). Silicate anion change in calcium silicate hydrate. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 39(5), 540-547.
[35] Grubb, J., Limaye, H. & Kakade, A. (2007). Testing pH of concrete. Concrete International, 29(4), 78.
[36] Payam, S., Sumra, Y. & Zainah, I. (2021). Variables affecting pH of cement mortars. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 36(5), 689-696.
[37] Pavlı́k, V. (2000). Water extraction of ions from cement pastes. Cement and Concrete Research, 30(6), 895-906.
[38] ASTM International. (2015). Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar (ASTM C1437-15).
[39] ASTM International. (2021). Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens) (ASTM C109/C109M-21).
[40] ASTM International. (1985). Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Withdrawn 1998) (ASTM C190-85).
[41] ASTM International. (2021). Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars (ASTM C348-21).
[42] Lee, J. J., Song, H., Park, J., & Lee, S. J. (2023). Recycling spent coffee grounds on permeable interlocking concrete paving blocks. Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research, 4(4), 1–11.
[43] La Scalia, G., Saeli, M., Miglietta, P. & Micale, R. (2021). Coffee biowaste valorization for mortar production. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 26(9), 1805-1815.
[44] Diouri, A., et al. (2018). Properties of dune sand concrete containing coffee waste. MATEC Web of Conferences, 149, 01039. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814901039
[45] Mierzwiński, D., Korniejenko, K., Łach, M., Mikuła, J. & Krzywda, J. (2018). Effect of coffee grounds on efflorescence in geopolymer. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Bristol: IOP Publishing, 012035.
[46] Sena da Fonseca, B., Vilão, A., Galhano, C., & Simão, J. A. R. (2013). Reusing coffee waste in manufacture of ceramics for construction. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 113(3), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743676113y.0000000131
[47] Wang, Y., et al. (2023). Exploring coffee extract as a renewable admixture to prepare mortars with better performance. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 18, e01879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e01879
[48] Lee, J., Kim, J., & Lee, S. (2023). Study of recycled spent coffee grounds as aggregates in cementitious materials. Recent Progress in Materials, 5(1), 1–23.

  • تاریخ دریافت 02 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 10 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 13 آبان 1404