[1] S. S. Volaity et al., (2025), "Towards decarbonization of cement industry: a critical review of electrification technologies for sustainable cement production," npj Materials Sustainability, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 23.
[2] Y. Ali, M. S. Hassan, and A. Petrillo, (2025), "From waste to resource: Life cycle assessment of eco-friendly concrete in developing nations through energy transition," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 501, p. 145226.
[3] S.-H. Kang, S.-G. Hong, and J. Moon, (2019), "The use of rice husk ash as reactive filler in ultra-high performance concrete," Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 115, pp. 389–400.
[4] E. Khankhaje, H. Jang, J. Kim, and M. Rafieizonooz, (2025), "Utilizing Rice Husk Ash as Cement Replacement in Pervious Concrete: A Review," Developments in the Built Environment, p. 100675.
[5] E. Aprianti, P. Shafigh, S. Bahri, and J. N. Farahani, (2015), "Supplementary cementitious materials origin from agricultural wastes–A review," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 74, pp. 176–187.
[6] M. M. Meraz et al., (2023), "On the utilization of rice husk ash in high-performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) to reduce silica fume content," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 369, p. 130576.
[7] M. Pellegrini-Cervantes et al., (2013), "Corrosion resistance, porosity and strength of blended portland cement mortar containing rice husk ash and nano-SiO2," International Journal of Electrochemical Science, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 10697–10710.
[8] J. Zhang, Y. Guo, S. Zhuang, and Y. Li, (2025), "The Effect of Adding Rice Husk Ash (Rha) and Calcined Shell Powder (Csp) on the Properties of Cement Mortar," Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 22, e04426.
[9] Y. Guo, J. Zhang, M. T. Lakhiar, and J. Wang, (2025), "Eco-friendly cement mortar production using rice husk ash and oyster seashell powder: A comprehensive study of mechanical, durability and life cycle properties," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 481, p. 141590.
[10] S. Nasiru et al., (2021), "Properties of cement mortar containing recycled glass and rice husk ash," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 299, p. 123900.
[11] M. Ahmad et al., (2014), "Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review," Chemosphere, vol. 99, pp. 19–33.
[12] M. H. Javed, M. A. Sikandar, W. Ahmad, M. T. Bashir, R. Alrowais, and M. B. Wadud, (2022), "Effect of various biochars on physical, mechanical, and microstructural characteristics of cement pastes and mortars," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 57, p. 104850.
[13] Z. Li, X. Wang, S. Wang, and X. Feng, (2025), "Comparative study on the effect of agricultural waste biochar on the properties of cement mortar," Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 227, p. 120854.
[14] G. Huang et al., (2025), "Upcycling rice husk biochar into carbon-negative composites," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 470, p. 140459.
[15] L. F. Morales, K. Herrera, J. E. López, and J. F. Saldarriaga, (2021), "Use of biochar from rice husk pyrolysis: assessment of reactivity in lime pastes," Heliyon, vol. 7, no. 11.
[16] G. Pachideh, M. Gholhaki, and A. Moshtagh, (2019), "The effect of quantity and type of fibers and recycled metal springs on concrete properties," Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 231–247.
[17] R. A. Izadifard and M. Abdi Moghadam, (2021), "Evaluation of various content of steel fibers on improving the mechanical and durability properties of concrete at high temperatures," Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 159–176.
[18] K. Arab Shahrab, A. Mirzakhani, E. Kashi, and N. Bakhshi, (2024), "Investigation of the mechanical properties of structural lightweight concrete and fiber reinforced concrete exposed to elevated temperatures," Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 107–126.
[19] J. Esfandiari and O. Heidari, (2021), "Investigation on the behavior of concrete with optimum percentage of steel fiber, microsilica, fly ash and hybrid fiber under different loading pattern," Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, vol. 8, no. 6, pp, 130-150.
[20] M. Bakhshipour, J. Esfandiari, and M. TahamouliRoudsari, (2023), "Experimental study of the effect of fiber additives to concrete materials in rc moment-resisting frames with manufacturing errors," Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 91–107.
[21] S. Gupta, H. W. Kua, and S. Dai Pang, (2020), "Effect of biochar on mechanical and permeability properties of concrete exposed to elevated temperature," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 234, p. 117338.
[22] T. S. Bhagat and R. K. Pancharathi, (2025), "Performance, microstructure and carbon sequestration potential of agro biochar based cement mortars," Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 156, p. 105867.
[23] ISIRI 389, "Portland Cement – Specifications (ISIRI 389)," Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran, Tehran, Iran, 1378.
[24] ASTM C33/C33M-24a, "Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2024.
[25] ASTM C566-19, "Standard Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2019.
[26] ASTM C128-22, "Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2023.
[27] ASTM A510/A510M-25, "Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and Alloy Steel," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2025.
[28] ASTM C618-22, "Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2023.
[29] ASTM C270-25a, "Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2025.
[30] ASTM C230/C230M-23, "Standard Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2023.
[31] ASTM C191-21, "Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2021.
[32] ASTM C109/C109M-24, "Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 50 mm [2 in.] Cube Specimens)," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2024.
[33] ASTM C348-21, "Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2021.
[34] ASTM C307-23, "Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Chemical-Resistant Mortar, Grouts, and Monolithic Surfacings," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2023.
[35] P. F. E. Gunn, C. C. Onn, K. H. Mo, and H. V. Lee, (2024), "Enhancing carbon sequestration in cement mortar using high volume local rice husk biochar coupled with carbonation curing," Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 21, p. e03591.
[36] S. Guler and Z. F. Akbulut, (2023), "Workability, physical & mechanical properties of the cement mortars strengthened with metakaolin and steel/basalt fibers exposed to freezing-thawing periods," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 394, p. 132100.
[37] M. Elsayed, M. H. Saad, and M. A. Hassanean, (2025), "Flexural behavior of reinforced high strength concrete slabs containing glass powder, flay ash, and rice husk ash as cement substitute," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 477, p. 141393.
[38] M. Cao, Z. Liu, and C. Xie, (2020), "Effect of steel-PVA hybrid fibers on compressive behavior of CaCO3 whiskers reinforced cement mortar," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 31, p. 101314.
[39] A. Belli, A. Mobili, T. Bellezze, and F. Tittarelli, (2020), "Commercial and recycled carbon/steel fibers for fiber-reinforced cement mortars with high electrical conductivity," Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 109, p. 103569.
[40] A. Zaragoza-Benzal, D. Ferrández, I. Prieto-Barrio, and A. L. Matilla, (2025), "Impact assessment of different steel fibres on mechanical, environmental and economic performance in cement mortars," Results in Engineering, p. 105021.
[41] S. Li, C. Guan, H. Li, H. Wang, and L. Liang, (2024), "Size-dependent fracture behavior of steel fiber reinforced cement mortar modified by polymer," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 89, p. 109297.
[42] X. Shi, L. Brescia-Norambuena, C. Tavares, and Z. Grasley, (2020), "Semicircular bending fracture test to evaluate fracture properties and ductility of cement mortar reinforced by scrap tire recycled steel fiber," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 236, p. 107228.
