مهندسی سازه و ساخت

مهندسی سازه و ساخت

مطالعه مروری تحلیل علیّتی عوامل مؤثر بر ادراک ریسک در کارگران و استادکاران صنعت ساختمان

نوع مقاله : علمی مروری

نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی مهندسی عمران، دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی مدیریت ساخت، دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران
چکیده
ادراک ریسک ایمنی به عنوان یک عامل شناختی کلیدی، نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای در پیشگیری از حوادث شغلی در صنعت پرخطر ساخت‌وساز دارد. با این حال، مطالعات پیشین عمدتاً به بررسی پراکنده یا تک‌بعدی عوامل مؤثر پرداخته و فاقد یک چارچوب نظام‌مند و یکپارچه برای طبقه‌بندی و تحلیل همزمان این عوامل بوده‌اند. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی، طبقه‌بندی و تحلیل ساختاریافته عوامل مؤثر بر ادراک ریسک کارگران ساختمانی و واکاوی سازوکارهای تأثیرگذاری آن‌ها انجام شده است. در این راستا، از طریق یک مرور نظام‌مند منابع معتبر، 21 عامل مؤثر استخراج و در قالب یک چارچوب چهاربعدی دسته‌بندی شدند: 1- عوامل فردی (شامل خستگی جسمی و ذهنی، مهارت فنی، تجربه کاری و تحصیلات)، 2- عوامل سازمانی و مدیریتی (شامل فرهنگ ایمنی، آموزش، قوانین استفاده از تجهیزات حفاظت فردی، نظارت و بازرسی، سبک رهبری حمایت‌گر و مدیریت مشارکت‌جو)، 3- عوامل محیطی (شامل نور، سروصدا، شرایط آب‌وهوایی و چیدمان کارگاه)، و 4- عوامل اجتماعی-روان‌شناختی (شامل حمایت خانواده، فشار همکاران و تجربه حوادث قبلی). تحلیل دینامیک یافته‌ها نشان داد که عواملی مانند تحصیلات، آموزش ایمنی، نظارت و بازرسی منظم، حمایت خانواده، سبک رهبری حمایت‌گر و مدیریت مشارکتی اثر مثبت دارند. در مقابل، عواملی مانند خستگی جسمی و ذهنی، فرهنگ ایمنی ضعیف، عدم استفاده از تجهیزات حفاظتی، نور ناکافی، سروصدای بیش از حد، شرایط جوی نامناسب، طراحی نادرست کارگاه و فشار همکاران اثر منفی بر ادراک ریسک دارند. همچنین، عواملی مانند تجربه کاری طولانی، مهارت فنی بالا و تجربه حوادث قبلی، بسته به شرایط زمینه‌ای می‌توانند دارای تأثیری دوسویه باشند. یافته‌های این مطالعه چارچوبی ارزشمند برای مدیران و سیاست‌گذاران در راستای طراحی مداخلات آموزشی و مدیریتی هدفمند به منظور ارتقای ادراک ریسک کارگران فراهم می‌کند. طبقه‌بندی نظام‌مند ارائه‌شده همچنین می‌تواند به عنوان پایه‌ای برای تحقیقات آتی و توسعه مدل‌های پیش‌بینیکننده رفتار ایمن مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Analyzing Causal Factors Influencing Construction Craft Workers’ Risk Perception: A Systematic Review

نویسندگان English

Paria Parvaresh 1
Hossein Karimi 2
Mahdi Rasouli 3
1 B.Sc. in Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
3 Ph.D. Candidate in Construction Engineering and Management, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Safety risk perception is a key factor in preventing occupational accidents in construction industry. However, previous studies have mostly examined individual or fragmented factors, with limited systematic and simultaneous classification of these variables. This study aims to identify and structurally analyze the factors influencing safety risk perception among construction workers and to explore their underlying mechanisms. Through a systematic review of previous studies, 21 influencing factors were extracted and categorized into four main groups: individual factors (physical and mental fatigue, technical skills, work experience, education); organizational and managerial factors (safety culture, training, personal protective equipment policies, supervision and inspection, supportive leadership and participative management); environmental factors (lighting, noise, weather conditions, and site layout); and socio-psychological factors (family support, peer pressure, and previous accident experience). The review demonstrated that education, regular supervision, safety training, family support, supportive leadership, and participative management positively influence risk perception, while physical and mental fatigue, poor safety culture, non-use of protective equipment, inadequate lighting, excessive noise, adverse weather, improper site design, and peer pressure negatively affect it. Furthermore, previous accident experience, extensive work experience, and high technical skills may have context-dependent or dual effects. The findings can inform targeted educational and managerial interventions to enhance workers’ risk perception and serve as a framework for future research and development of predictive models for safe behavior.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Risk perception
construction workers
project safety management
human factors in safety
construction industry
occupational safety
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  • تاریخ دریافت 23 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 23 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 04 آبان 1404