مهندسی سازه و ساخت

مهندسی سازه و ساخت

بررسی تاثیر عیوب ریزساختاری برآمده از فرآیند تولید افزایشی شامل قطر متغیر و اعوجاج پیوند بر پاسخ وابسته به نرخ ماده مشبک دوازده سطحی متقارن ساخته شده از آلیاژ Ti6Al4V

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک و مواد، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته، کرمان، ایران
2 استادیار، مجتمع دانشگاهی مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشتر، اصفهان، ایران
3 کارشناس ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
در سال‌های اخیر استفاده از مواد مشبک به دلیل خواص منحصر به فردی همچون استحکام به وزن بالا، خاصیت جذب ضربه، چگالی اندک و خواص قابل تنظیم در صنایع مختلف افزایش یافته است. هرچند که استفاده از تکنولوژی ساخت افزایشی راهکاری مناسب جهت ساخت این دسته از مواد محسوب می‌گردد، با این وجود عیوب ریزساختاری برآمده از این فرآیند تولید، کنترل خواص مکانیکی این مواد را با چالش‌هایی روبرو کرده‌است. در مقاله حاضر به بررسی تاثیر دو عیب قطر متغیر و اعوجاج پیوند بر پاسخ وابسته به نرخ کرنش ماده مشبک دوازده سطحی متقارن ساخته شده از آلیاژ Ti6Al4V پرداخته شده‌است. برای این منظور یک مدل اجزای محدود بر پایه المان تیر تیموشنکو برای در نظر گرفتن این دو نوع عیب توسعه داده شده و با استفاده از داده‌های تجربی موجود برای نرخ کرنش 1000 بر ثانیه صحت‌سنجی می‌گردد. نتایج حاصل نشان می‌دهد که افزایش میزان هر دو نوع عیب به کاهش سطح تنش در منحنی تنش-کرنش منجر می‌شود. همچنین افزایش عیب قطر متغیر باعث کاهش میزان نوسانات این منحنی در ناحیه غیرخطی شده حال آن که اعوجاج پیوندها تاثیر چندانی بر این مهم ندارد. بررسی مدول الاستیک حاکی از آن است که افزایش تغییرات قطر در امتداد هر پیوند باعث می‌شود که مدول الاستیک تقریبا به صورت خطی کاهش یابد، این در حالی است که افزایش اعوجاج پیوند مدول الاستیک را با رابطه تقریبا درجه دو کاهش می‌دهد. با افزایش قطر متوسط پیوندها تاثیر عیوب قطر متغیر و اعوجاج پیوند به ترتیب افزایش و کاهش می‌یابد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the effect of microstructural defects arising from the additive manufacturing process including variable diameter and bond distortion on the rate-dependent response of a symmetric twelve-layer lattice material made of Ti6Al4V alloy

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Raza Karamooz-Ravari 1
Behrooz Shahriari 2
Sepehr Yadegari 3
1 Associate professor, Faculty of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Faculty of Mechanics, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
3 M.Sc., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

In recent years, the use of lattice materials has increased in various industries due to their unique properties such as high strength to weight, impact absorption properties, low density and adjustable properties. Although the use of additive manufacturing technology is considered a suitable solution for the manufacture of this category of materials, despite the microstructural defects arising from this production process, the control of the mechanical properties of these materials has faced challenges. In this article, the effect of two defects of variable diameter and bond distortion on the strain-rate-dependent response of a symmetric twelve-layer lattice material made of Ti6Al4V alloy has been investigated. For this purpose, a finite element model based on the Timoshenko beam element has been developed to consider these two types of defects and is validated using the available experimental data for a strain rate of 1000/s. The results show that increasing the amount of both types of defects leads to a decrease in the stress level in the stress-strain curve. Also, increasing the variable diameter defect has reduced the fluctuation of this curve in the non-linear area, while the distortion of the links does not have much effect on this matter. Examining the elastic modulus indicates that the increase in diameter changes along each link causes the elastic modulus to decrease almost linearly, while the increase in distortion of the link reduces the elastic modulus with an almost quadratic relationship. By increasing the average diameter of the grafts, the effect of variable diameter defects and graft distortion increases and decreases, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Lattice material
Additive manufacturing
Microstructural defects
Timoshenko beam
Dynamic response
Strain rate
[1] Gibson LJ, Ashby MF (1999) Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties, Cambridge University Press.
[2] Kolagar AM (2022) Additive Manufacturing of Nickel-Based Superalloy Gas Turbine Components. Iranian Journal of Manufacturing Engineering 9(3): 38-45.
[3] Bagheri-Bami A, Honarvar F (2022) Determination of the type of anisotropy and stiffness tensor in additive manufacturing polymer components by using ultrasonic waves. Iranian Journal of Manufacturing Engineering 9(6): 36-48.
[4] Gibson I, Rosen D, Stucker B (2014) Additive Manufacturing Technologies: 3D Printing, Rapid Prototyping, and Direct Digital Manufacturing. New York, Springer.
[5] Echeta I, Feng X, Dutton B, Leach R, Piano S (2020) Review of defects in lattice structures manufactured by powder bed fusion.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 106(9): 2649-2668.
[6] Xiao L, Song W, Wang C, Tang H, Fan Q, Liu N., Wang J (2017) Mechanical properties of open-cell rhombic dodecahedron titanium alloy lattice structure manufactured using electron beam melting under dynamic loading. International Journal of Impact Engineering 100: 75-89.
[7] Carraturo M, Alaimo G, Marconi S, Negrello E, Sgambitterra E, Maletta C, Auricchio F (2021) Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Stainless Steel 316L Lattice Structures. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 30(7): 5247-5251.
[8] Amani Y, Dancette S, Delroisse P, Simar A, Maire E (2018) Compression behavior of lattice structures produced by selective laser melting: X-ray tomography based experimental and finite element approaches. Acta Materialia 159: 395-407.
[9] Campoli G, Borleffs MS, Yavari SA, Wauthle R, Weinans H, Zadpoor AA, Mechanical properties of open-cell metallic biomaterials manufactured using additive manufacturing, Materials & Design 49: 957-965.
[10]        Karamooz-Ravari MR, Kadkhodaei M, Badrossamay M, Rezaei R (2014) Numerical investigation on mechanical properties of cellular lattice structures fabricated by fused deposition modeling. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 88: 154-161.‏
[11]        Karamooz-Ravari MR, Esfahani SN, Andani MT, Kadkhodaei M, Ghaei A, Karaca H, Elahinia M (2016) On the effects of geometry, defects, and material asymmetry on the mechanical response of shape memory alloy cellular lattice structures. Smart Materials and Structures 25(2) 025008.
[12]        Karamooz-Ravari MR, Kadkhodaei M (2014) A Computationally Efficient Modeling Approach for Predicting Mechanical Behavior of Cellular Lattice Structures. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 24(1): 245-252.
[13]        Liu L, Kamm P, García-Moreno F, Banhart J, Pasini D (2017) Elastic and failure response of imperfect three-dimensional metallic lattices: the role of geometric defects induced by Selective Laser Melting. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 107: 160-184.‏
[14]        Goodall R, Hernandez-Nava E, Jenkins SN, Sinclair L, Tyrwhitt-Jones E, Khodadadi MA, Ghadbeigi H (2019) The effects of defects and damage in the mechanical behavior of Ti6Al4V lattices. Frontiers in Materials 6: 117.
[15]        Lozanovski B, Leary M, Tran P, Shidid D, Qian M, Choong P, Brandt M (2019‏) Computational modelling of strut defects in SLM manufactured lattice structures. Materials & Design 171:107671.
[16]        Lozanovski B, Downing D, Tran P, Shidid D, Qian M, Choong P, Brandt M, Leary M, A Monte Carlo simulation-based approach to realistic modelling of additively manufactured lattice structures. Additive Manufacturing 32:101092.
[17]        Alana M, Cutolo A, Probst G, de Galarreta SR, Van Hooreweder B (2020) Understanding elastic anisotropy in diamond based lattice structures produced by laser powder bed fusion: Effect of manufacturing deviations. Materials & Design 195: 108971.
[18]        Cao X, Jiang Y, Zhao T, Wang P, Wang Y, Chen Z, Li Y, Xiao D, Fang D (2020) Compression experiment and numerical evaluation on mechanical responses of the lattice structures with stochastic geometric defects originated from additive-manufacturing. Composites Part B: Engineering 194:108030.‏
[19]        Jiang P, Rifat M, Basu S (2020) Impact of Surface Roughness and Porosity on Lattice Structures Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing-A Computational Study, Procedia Manufacturing 48: 781-789.
[20]        Radlof W, Benz C, Sander M (2021) Numerical and experimental investigations of additively manufactured lattice structures under quasi-static compression loading. Material Design & Processing Communications 3(3): e164.
[21]        Raghavendra S, Molinari A, Fontanari V, Dallago M, Luchin V, Zappini G, Benedetti M (2020) Effect of strut cross section and strut defect on tensile properties of cubic cellular structure. Material Design & Processing Communications 2(5): e118.
[22]        Maconachie T, Leary M, Lozanovski B, Zhang X, Qian M, Faruque O, Brandt M, SLM lattice structures: Properties, performance, applications and challenges. Materials & Design 183: 108137.
[23]        Zhou J, Shrotriya P, Soboyejo WO (2004) On the deformation of aluminum lattice block structures: from struts to structures. Mechanics of materials 36(8): 723-737.‏
[24]        de Galarreta SR, Jeffers JR, Ghouse S (2020) A validated finite element analysis procedure for porous structures. Materials & Design 189:108546.
[25]        Johnson GR, Cook WH (1985) Fracture characteristics of three metals subjected to various strains, strain rates, temperatures and pressures. Engineering fracture mechanics 21(1): 31-48.

  • تاریخ دریافت 30 مهر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 21 دی 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 26 بهمن 1402