مهندسی سازه و ساخت

مهندسی سازه و ساخت

بهینه‌سازی خصوصیات ضربه‌ای بتن‌های ژئوپلیمری الیافی مبتنی بر پسماندهای کشاورزی با استفاده از روش تاگوچی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی، بابل، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی سازه، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی، بابل، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
چکیده
این تحقیق با استفاده از روش تاگوچی به بهینه‌سازی خصوصیات ضربه‌ای بتن‌های ژئوپلیمری مبتنی بر پسماندهای کشاورزی تحت اثر ضربه وزنه افتان تکرار شونده مطابق با روش پیشنهادی ACI C544 پرداخت. در ساخت بتن‌های ژئوپلیمری از خاکستر پوسته برنج بعنوان چسب و از ساقه ذرت بعنوان سنگدانه استفاده گردید. همچنین، مخلوط‌ها با استفاده از سه نوع الیاف گیاهی شامل کاه گندم، کاه جو و باگاس مسلح شدند. در این تحقیق، عامل‌های غلظت محلول سدیم هیدروکسید، نسبت جرمی سدیم سیلیکات به سدیم هیدروکسید، نسبت جرمی فعال کننده‌ی قلیایی به چسب، نسبت جرمی سنگدانه به چسب، نوع الیاف و مقدار الیاف هرکدام در 3 سطح مختلف و روش عمل‌آوری در 2 سطح مختلف بعنوان ورودی‌های تحلیل تاگوچی در نظر گرفته شدند. با توجه به تعداد و سطوح عامل‌های در نظر گرفته شده، 18 طرح اختلاط بر اساس آرایه متعامد L_18 (6^3×1^2) پیشنهادی توسط تاگوچی در ساخت نمونه‌ها بکار رفت. همچنین، با استفاده تحلیل نسبت سیگنال به نویز به تعیین سطوح بهینه عامل‌ها و با استفاده از روش دلتا به تعیین درصد مشارکت هر عامل در نتایج آزمایش‌ها پرداخته شد. علاوه بر این، با ساخت و آزمایش طرح‌های اختلاط بهینه پیشنهادی توسط روش تاگوچی به اعتبارسنجی تجربی این روش پرداخته شد. بر اساس نتایج آزمایشگاهی، عامل درصد الیاف با مشارکت 4/55 درصدی در مقاومت اولین ترک و 9/63 درصدی در مقاومت نهایی، با سطح بهینه 8 درصد بعنوان تاثیرگذارترین عامل شناخته شد. از طرفی، اختلاف بین پیش‌بینی‌های روش تاگوچی و نتایج تجربی بدست آمده برای خصوصیات ضربه‌ای کمتر از 10 درصد بدست آمد که نشان دهنده‌ی اعتبار روش تاگوچی در این زمینه می‌باشد. در نهایت، با انجام تحلیل آماری بر روی نتایج آزمایش مقاومت ضربه‌ای، توزیع دو پارامتری Weibull بعنوان یک توزیع آماری مناسب به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل مقاومت ضربه‌ای بتن‌های ژئوپلیمری مبتنی بر پسماندهای کشاورزی شناخته شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Impact performance optimization of fiber reinforced geopolymer concretes based on agricultural wastes using the Taguchi method

نویسندگان English

Amirhosein Sahraei moghadam 1
Alireza Mirza Goltabar Roshan 2
Fereydoon Omidinasab 3
1 Ph.D candidate, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
چکیده English

Using the Taguchi method, this study deals with the optimization of the impact performance of fiber reinforced geopolymer concretes based on agricultural wastes, under repeating impact according to the method proposed by ACI C544. In the construction of geopolymer concretes, rice husk ash was used as binder and corn stalk was used as aggregate. Moreover, mixtures were reinforced by wheat straw, barley straw, and sugarcane. The factors of curing method, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, the mass ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide, the mass ratio of the alkaline activator to binder, the mass ratio of aggregate to binder, the type of fiber, and the fiber volume were considered as the inputs of the Taguchi analysis. Given the number and levels of considered factors, 18 mix designs were used in construction of specimens, on the basis of the L_18 (6^3×1^2) orthogonal array proposed by Taguchi. Moreover, the present study determined the optimal levels of factors using the signal-to-noise ratio analysis, and determined the percentage of participation of each factor in the test results by means of the delta method. In addition, by making and testing the optimal mixtures proposed by the Taguchi method, the present study validated the method. Based on the experimental results, the fiber volume factor, with an optimal level of 8%, was recognized as the most influential factor with a participation of 55.4% in the first crack resistance and 63.9% in the ultimate resistance. On the other hand, the difference between the predictions of the Taguchi method and the experimental results was less than 10%, which indicates the validity of Taguchi method in this field. Finally, statistical analysis on the results of impact tests showed that two-parameter Weibull distribution is a suitable statistical distribution for the statistical investigation of the impact resistance of geopolymer concretes.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Impact resistance
Geopolymer concrete
Agricultural waste
Taguchi method
Weibull distribution
[1] Zˇivica, V.  Palou, M.T.  Krizˇma, M. (2015). Geopolymer cements and their properties: a review. Build. Res. J, 61, 85–100.
[2] Mohammed, N. Bashdar Omer, S. Salah Jamal, A. Hunar Dheyaaldin, M. (2023). Performance of cement mortar modified with GGBFS at elevated temperatures with various w/b ratios and superplasticizer dosages. Construction and Building Materials, 368, 130493.
[3] Sahraei Moghadam, A.  Omidinasab, F.  Moazami Goodarzi, S. (2021). Characterization of concrete containing RCA and GGBFS: Mechanical, microstructural and environmental properties. Construction and Building Materials, 289, 123134.
[4] Samad, S.  Shah, A.  (2017). Role of binary cement including Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM), in production of environmentally sustainable concrete: A critical review. Int. J. Sust. Built. Env, 6, 663–674.
[5] Gursel, A.P.  Maryman, H. Ostertag, C. (2016). A life-cycle approach to environmental, mechanical, and durability properties of ‘‘green” concrete mixes with rice husk ash. J. Clean Prod, 112, 823–836.
[6] Chang, Zh. Long, G. Xie, Y. Zhou, J.L. (2022). Chemical effect of sewage sludge ash on early-age hydration of cement used as supplementary cementitious material. Construction and Building Materials, 322, 126116.
[7] Chindaprasirt, P. Jaturapitakkul, C. Rattanasak, U. (2009). Influence of fineness of rice husk ash and additives on the properties of lightweight aggregate. Fuel, 88 (1), 158-162.
[8] Kumar Dasad, Sh. Adediran, A. Rodrigue Kaze, C. Mustakim, S.M. Lekloue, N. (2022). Production, characteristics, and utilization of rice husk ash in alkali activated materials: An overview of fresh and hardened state properties. Construction and Building Materials, 345, 128341.
[9] Rukzon, S. Chindaprasirt, P. Mahachai, R. (2009). Effect of grinding on chemical 424 and physical properties of rice husk ash, International Journal of Minerals. Metallurgy and Materials, 16 (2), 242-247.
[10] Sampaio, D. Tashima, M. Costa, D. Quinteiro, P. Dias, A.C. Akasaki, J. (2022). Evaluation of the environmental performance of rice husk ash and tire rubber residues incorporated in concrete slabs. Construction and Building Materials, 357, 129332.
[11] Uysal, M. Aygörmez, Y. Canpolat, O. Cosgun, T.  Kuranlı, F. (2022). Investigation of using waste marble powder, brick powder, ceramic powder, glass powder, and rice husk ash as eco-friendly aggregate in sustainable red mud-metakaolin based geopolymer composites. Construction and Building Materials, 361, 129718.
[12] Bie, R.S. Song, X.F. Liu, Q.Q. Ji, X.Y. Chen, P. (2015). Studies on effects of burning conditions and rice husk ash (RHA) blending amount on the mechanical behavior of cement. Cement and Concrete Composites, 55, 162-168.
[13] Bayraktar, O.Y. Eshtewı, S.S.T. Benli, A. Kaplan, G. Toklu, K. Gunek, F. (2021). The impact of RCA and fly ash on the mechanical and durability properties of polypropylene fibre-reinforced concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles and MgSO4 with ANN modelling. Construction and Building Materials, 313, 125508.
[14] Xiao, J. Xie, H. Zhang, C. (2012). Investigation on building waste and reclaim in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area. Resour Conserv Recycl, 61, 109–17.
[15] Poon, C.S. Chan, D. (2007). The use of recycled aggregate in concrete in Hong Kong. Resour Conserv Recycl, 50 (3), 293–305.
[16] Vazqnez, E. Bara, M. (1996). the influence of retained moisture in aggregates from recycling on the properties of new hardened concrete. Waste management, 16 (3), 113- 117.
[17] Lagouin, M. Magniont, C. Sénéchal, P.  Moonen, P. Aubert J.E. Laborel-préneron, A. (2019). Influence of types of binder and plant aggregates on hygrothermal and mechanical properties of vegetal concretes. Construction and Building Materials, 222, 852–871.
[18] Laborel-Préneron, A. Aubert, J.E.  Magniont, C. Tribout, C.  Bertron, A. (2016). Plant aggregates and fibers in earth construction materials: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 111, 719–734.
[19] Memona, S.A.  Javed, U. Arsalan Khushnood, R. (2019). Eco-friendly utilization of corncob ash as partial replacement of sand in concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 195, 165–177.
[20] Sahraei Moghadam, A. Omidinasab, F.  Dalvand, A. (2020). Experimental investigation of (FRSC) cementitious composite functionally graded slabs under projectile and drop weight impacts. Construction and Building Materials, 237, 117522.
[21] Sahraei Moghadam, A. Omidinasab, F. (2020). Assessment of hybrid FRSC cementitious composite with emphasis on flexural performance of functionally graded slabs. Construction and Building Materials, 250, 118904.
[22] Sahraei Moghadam, A.  Omidinasab, F. Abdalikia, M. (2021). The effect of initial strength of concrete wastes on the fresh and hardened properties of recycled concrete reinforced with recycled steel fibers. Construction and Building Materials, 300, 124284.
[23] Sahraei Moghadam, A. Omidinasab, F. (2021). Flexural and impact performance of functionally graded reinforced cementitious composite (FGRCC) panels. Structures, 29, 1723–1733.
[24] Omidinasab, F. Sahraei Moghadam, A. (2021). Effect of Purposive Distribution of Fibers to Prevent the Penetration of Bullet in Concrete Walls. KSCE J Civ Eng, 25, 843–853.
[25] Mastali, M. Dalvand, A. Sattarifard, A.R. Abdollahnejad, Z. Illikainen, M. (2018). Characterization and optimization of hardened properties of selfconsolidating concrete incorporating recycled steel, industrial steel, polypropylene and hybrid fibers. Composites Part B, 151, 186–200.
[26] Omidinasab, F. Moazami Goodarzi, S. Sahraei Moghadam, A. (2022). Characterization and Optimization of Mechanical and Impact Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Recycled Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 20, 41–55.
[27] Spinella, N. (2013). Shear strength of full-scale steel fibre-reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. Comput. Concr, 11, 365–382.
[28] Lourenco, L. Zamanzadeh, Z. Barros, J.A.O.  Rezazadeh, M. (2018). Shear strengthening of RC beams with thin panels of mortar reinforced with recycled steel fibres. J. Clean.Prod, 194, 112–126.
[29] Laborel-Préneron, A.  Aubert, J.E.  Magniont, C. Tribout, C. Bertron, A. (2016). Plant aggregates and fibers in earth construction materials: a review. Constr. Build. Mater, 111, 719–734.
[30] Giroudon, M. Laborel-Préneron, A. Aubert, J.E. Magniont, C. (2019). Comparison of barley and lavender straws as bioaggregates in earth bricks. Construction and Building Materials, 202, 254–265.
[31] Hernández-Olivares, F.  Medina-Alvarado, R.E. Burneo-Valdivieso X.E. Zúñiga-Suárez, A.R. (2020). Short sugarcane bagasse fibers cementitious composites for building construction. Construction and Building Materials, 247, 118451.
[32] Giroudon, M. Laborel-Préneron, A. Aubert, J.E. Magniont, C. (2019). Comparison of barley and lavender straws as bioaggregates in earth bricks. Construction and Building Materials, 202, 254–265.
[33] Rahman, M.A.  Muniyandi, R. Albashish, D.  Rahman, M.M.  Usman, O.L. (2021). Artificial neural network with taguchi method for robust classification model to improve classification accuracy of breast cancer. Peer. J. Comput. Sci, 7, 317-344.
[34] Kelestemur, O. Arıcı, E. Yıldız, S. Gökçer, B. (2014). Performance evaluation of cement mortars containing marble dust and glass fiber exposed to high temperature by using Taguchi method. Constr. Build. Mater, 60, 17–24.
[35] Ying-Yi, H. Manh-Tuan, N. (2020). Optimal allocation of STATCOM for enhancing LVRT capability of wind farms using taguchi method, IET Gen. Transmission Distrib, 14 (25), 6371–6381.
[36] Teimortashlu, E. Dehestani, M. Jalal, M. (2018). Application of Taguchi method for compressive strength optimization of tertiary blended self-compacting mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 190, 1182–1191.
[37] Jelili, B.H. Moruf, O.O. Oluseye, O.A. Quadri, A. (2021). Optimization of processing parameters for drying of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.var) slices using taguchi technique. J. Food Process. Preserv, 45 (2), 15149.
[38] Shemal, V.D. Ankur, B. (2020). The strength oriented mix design for geopolymer concrete using taguchi method and ındian concrete mix design code. Constr. Build. Mater, 62, 120853.
[39] Zabihi, L.M. Tavakoli, H.R. Mohseni, E. (2018). Engineering and Microstructural Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Rice Husk–Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 04018183.
[40] Rattanachu, P. Toolkasikorn, P. Tangchirapat, W. Chindaprasirtc, P. Jaturapitakkul, Ch.  (2018). Performance of recycled aggregate concrete with rice husk ash as cement binder. Cement and Concrete Composites, 108, 103533.
[41] Ozturk, E. Ince, C. Derogar, Sh. Ball, R. (2022). Factors affecting the CO2 emissions, cost efficiency and eco-strength efficiency of concrete containing rice husk ash: A database study. Construction and Building Materials, 326, 126905.
[42] Ning, L. Bing, C. (2016). Experimental Investigation Concrete Using Magnesium Phosphate Cement, Fly Ash, and Rape Stalk. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28 (4), 04015163.
[43] Ahmad. M.R. Chenab, B. (2015). Influence of type of binder and size of plant aggregate on the hygrothermal properties of bio-concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 251, 118981.
[44] Shao, K.  Du, Y. Zhou, F. (2021). Feasibility of using treated corn cob aggregates in cement mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 271, 121575.
[45] Wongsa, A. Kunthawatwong, R. Naenudon, S. Sata, V. Chindaprasirt, P. (2020). Natural fiber reinforced high calcium fly ash geopolymer mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 241, 118143.
[46] Alomayri, T. Shaikh, F.U.A. Low, I.M. (2013). Characterisation of cotton fibre-reinforced geopolymer composites. Compos. B Eng, 50, 1–6.
[47] Ye, H. Zhang, Y. Yu, Z. Mu, J. (2018). Effects of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin on the morphology and mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer. Constr. Build. Mater, 173, 10–16.
[48] Yan, L. Chouw, N. Huang, L. Kasal, B. (2016). Effect of alkali treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of coir fibres, coir fibre reinforced-polymer composites and reinforced-cementitious composites. Constr. Build. Mater, 112, 168–182.
[49] Korniejenko, K. Fra˛czek, E. Pytlak, E. Adamski, M. (2016). Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibers. Procedia Eng, 151, 388–393.
[50] ASTM. 2011. Standard test methods for sampling and testing fly ash or natural pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete. ASTM C311. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM.
[51] Zabihi, S.M. Tavakoli, H.R. (2019). Evaluation of monomer ratio on performance of GGBFS-RHA alkali-activated concretes. Construction and Building Materials, 208, 326–333.
[52] Tang, Z. Li, G. Lu, S. Wang, J. Chi, L. (2022). Enhance mechanical damping behavior of RHA-cement mortar with bionic inorganic-organic laminated structures. Construction and Building Materials, 323, 126521.
[53] Ning, S. Bing, C. (2015). Ning, L. Bing, C. (2016). Experimental Investigation Concrete Using Magnesium Phosphate Cement, Fly Ash, and Rape Stalk. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28 (4), 04015163.
[54] Laborel-Préneron, A. Aubert, J.E. Magniont, C. Tribout, C. Bertron, A. (2016). Plant aggregates and fibers in earth construction materials: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 111, 719–734.
[55] Mittal, V. Sinha, Sh. (2018). Mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties of wheat straw/bagasse-reinforced epoxy blended composites. Adv Polym Technol, 37 (7), 2497-2503.
[56] Ammari, M.S. Belhadj, B. Bederina, M. Ferhat, A. Quéneudec, M. (2020). Contribution of hybrid fibers on the improvement of sand concrete properties: Barley straws treated with hot water and steel fibers. Construction and Building Materials, 233, 117374.
[57] Hernández-Olivares, F. Medina-Alvarado, R.E. Burneo-Valdivieso, X.E. Zúñiga-Suárez, A.R. (2020). Short sugarcane bagasse fibers cementitious composites for building construction. Construction and Building Materials, 247, 118451.
[58] Belhadj, B. Bederina, M. Makhloufi, Z. Dheilly, R.M. Montrelay, N. Quéneudéc, M. (2016). Contribution to the development of a sand concrete lightened by the addition of barley straws. Construction and Building Materials, 113, 513–522.
[59] Onoue, K. Iwamoto, T. Sagawa, Y. (2019). Optimization of the design parameters of fly ash-based geopolymerbusing the dynamic approach of the Taguchi method. Construction and Building Materials, 219, 1–10.
[60] Mastali, M. Mohammad Shaad, K.  Abdollahnejad, Z. Falah, M.  Kinnunen, P. Illikainen, M. (2020). Towards sustainable bricks made with fiber-reinforced alkali-activatedbdesulfurization slag mortars incorporating carbonated basic oxygen furnace aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 232, 117258.
[61] Hadi, M.N.S. Farhan, N.A. Sheikh, M.N. (2017). Design of geopolymer concrete with GGBFS at ambient curing condition using Taguchi method. Construction and Building Materials, 140, 424–431.
[62] Hongen, Z. Feng, J. Qingyuan, W. Ling, T. Xiaoshuang, S. (2017). Influence of Cement on Properties of Fly-Ash-Based Concrete. ACI Mater. J, 114 (5) 745-753.
[63] Zhang, H. Li, L. Yuan, C. Wanga, Q. Sarke, P.K. Shi, X. (2020). Deterioration of ambient-cured and heat-cured fly ash geopolymer concrete by high temperature exposure and prediction of its residual compressive strength. Construction and Building Materials, 262, 120924.
[64] ACI Committee 544, Measurement of properties of fiber reinforced concrete, ACI Mater. J. 85 (1988) 583–593.
[65] Bouhicha, M.  Aouissi, F.  Kenai, S.  (2005). Performance of composite soil reinforced with barley straw. Cem. Concr. Compos, 27, 617–621.
[66] Aymerich, F. Fenu, L. Meloni, P. (2012). Effect of reinforcing wool fibres on fracture and energy absorption properties of an earthen material. Constr. Build. Mater, 27, 66–72.
[67] Galán-Marín, C. Rivera-Gómez, C. Petric, J. (2010). Clay-based composite stabilized with natural polymer and fibre. Constr. Build. Mater, 24, 1462–1468.
[68] Shaikh, F.U.A. Vimonsatit, V. (2015). Compressive strength of fly-ash-based geopolymer concrete at elevated temperatures. Fire Mater, 39 (2), 174–188.
[69] Nuruddin, M.F. Demie, S. Ahmed, M.F. Shafiq, N. (2011). Effect of superplasticizer and NaOH molarity on workability, compressive strength and microstructure properties of self-compacting geopolymer concrete. International Journal of Geological and Environmental Engineering, 5 (3), 187-194.
[70] Dave, M.S.V. Bhogayata, A. Arora, N.K. (2021). Mix design optimization for fresh, strength and durability properties of ambient cured alkali activated composite by Taguchi method. Construction and Building Materials, 284, 122822.
[71] Abdollahnejad, Z. Dalvand, A.  Mastali, M. Luukkonen, T. Illikainen, M. (2018). Effects of waste ground glass and lime on the crystallinity and strength of geopolymers. Magazine of Concrete Research, 71 (23), 1218-1231.
[72] Patila, A.A. Chore, H.S. Dodeb, P.A. (2014). Effect of curing condition on strength of geopolymer concrete. Advances in Concrete Construction, 20 (1), 29–37.
[73] Hassan, A. Arif, M. Shariq, M. (2019). Effect of curing condition on the mechanical properties of fly ash‑based geopolymer concrete. SN Applied Sciences, 1, 1694.
[74] Li, J. Zhang, K. Deng, Z. (2007). Distribution regularity of flexural impact resistance of synthetic macro-fiber reinforced concrete. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 24, 54–59.
[75] Raif. S, Irfan. A. (2008). Statistical analysis of bending fatigue life data using Weibull distribution in glass-fiber reinforced polyester composites. Materials & Design, 29, 1170–1181.
[76] Goel, S. Singh, S.P. Singh, P. (2012). Fatigue analysis of plain and fiber-reinforced self-consolidating concrete. ACI Materials Journal, 109 (5), 573–582.
[77] Ding, Y. Li, D. Zhang, Y. Azevedo, C. (2017). Experimental investigation on the composite effect of steel rebars and macro fibers on the impact behavior of high performance self-compacting concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 136, 495–505.
[78] Mastali, M. Dalvand, A. Sattarifard, A.R. Abdollahnejad, Z. Illikainen, M. (2018). Characterization and optimization of hardened properties of selfconsolidating concrete incorporating recycled steel, industrial steel, polypropylene and hybrid fibers. Composites Part B, 151, 186–200.
[79] Li, H. Zhang, M. Ou, J. (2007). Flexural fatigue performance of concrete containing nanoparticles for pavement. International Journal of Fatigue, 29, 1292–1301.
[80] Wang, L. Wang, H. Jia, J. (2009). Impact resistance of steel-fibre-reinforced lightweight-aggregate concrete. Magazine of Concrete Research, 67, 539–547.

  • تاریخ دریافت 16 اسفند 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری 16 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 14 بهمن 1402