مدل تصمیم گیری برای انتخاب سیستم تدارک قراردادهای ساخت، مطالعه ‏پروژه ‏های صنعت آب ایران

خزائنی, گرشاسب; خزائنی, علی

doi:10.22065/jsce.2023.383622.3027

مدل تصمیم گیری برای انتخاب سیستم تدارک قراردادهای ساخت، مطالعه ‏پروژه ‏های صنعت آب ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استادیار، گروه عمران، دانشکده هنر و معماری ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران غرب، تهران، ایران

² کارشناس ارشد، دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب، تهران، ایران

10.22065/jsce.2023.383622.3027

چکیده

سیستم های تدارک پروژه، به عنوان ساختار قرارداد و شکل گیری روابط عوامل پروژه، با تخصیص ریسک در بین عوامل پروژه ‏چهارچوبی برای شکل گیری ‏قراردادهای انواع مختلف پروژه ها را ایجاد می‌نماید. سیستم های تدارک تا حد زیادی می توانند اهداف ‏زمانی، مالی و یا کیفی پروؤه را متاثر نموده و عموماً در ‏‏5 دسته امانی، متعارف، طرح و ساخت، عامل چهارم و مشارکت عمومی خصوصی ‏‏(‏PPP‏) دسته‌بندی می‌شوند. هر یک از سیستم های تدارک مزیت ها و ‏محدودیت های خاص خود را دارا هستند که انتخاب بین انها را ‏وابسته به شرایط پروژه و انتظارات کارفرمائی می نماید. در این مقاله یک رویکرد جدید مبتنی ‏بر تخصیص ریسک‌های قراردادی ارائه ‏شده است که به کمک آن کارفرما می‌تواند سیستم تدارک پروژه را بسته به سطح ریسک قابل پذیرش توسط کارفرما ‏انتخاب نماید. برای ‏این منظور با مطالعه سوابق تخصیص ریسک در 26 پروژه حوزه آب در کشور، 14 عنوان ریسک اصلی که مبنای تصمی گیری برای مدل ‏‏تدارک پروژه است معرفی گردیده است. تصمیم گیرنده بر اساس ظرفیت سازمانی خود در پذیرش سطح مشخصی از ریسک های 14 ‏گانه می تواند اقدام به ‏انتخاب سیستم تدارک متناسب برای پروژه نماید. بر مبنای این رویکرد، یک مدل تصمیم‌گیری چند هدفه توسعه ‏یافته است که با دریافت مشخصات ریسک ‏پروژه، به صورت کمی ساختار بهینه را پیشنهاد داده و سطح مخاطراتی را که در انتظار او ‏است (به شکل افزایش در قیمت تمام شده پروژه) را مشخص می ‏سازد. ابزار تحلیل حساسیت این مدل همچنین به کارفرما راهنمایی ‏می نماید که در صورت بکارگیری یک مدل قراردادی مشخص، کارفرما می بایست کدام ‏ابزارهای قراردادی یا ظرفیت های مدیریتی را ‏فراهم سازد.‏

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

مدیریت پروژه و ساخت

عنوان مقاله [English]

Decision-making model of Delivery ‎System of construction ‎contracts, Iran's water industry ‎projects

نویسندگان [English]

Garshasb Khazaeni ¹
Ali khazaeni ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Art and Architectural Faculty, Islamic Azad University West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

² MSc, Civil Engineering Faculty, Islamic Azad University South Tehran branch, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Project delivery systems, as the structure of the contract and the formation ‎of relations between the project ‎participants, create a framework for the ‎formation of contracts of different types of projects by allocating risk ‎‎among the project participants. Delivery systems can greatly affect the ‎time, financial, or quality goals of the ‎organization and are generally ‎classified into 5 categories: In house, Traditional, Design Build, Construct ‎‎management, and Public-Private Partnership (PPP). Each delivery system ‎has its own advantages and limitations, ‎which makes the choice between ‎them dependent on the project conditions and client's expectations. In this ‎article, ‎a new approach based on the allocation of contractual risks is ‎presented, with the help of which the employer can ‎choose the project ‎procurement system depending on the level of risk acceptable by the ‎employer. For this purpose, ‎by studying the records of risk allocation in ‎‎26 water projects in Iran, 14 main Contractual Risks have been ‎‎introduced, which are the basis of decision making for the project delivery ‎system. Based on his organizational ‎capacity in accepting a certain level ‎of 14 risks, the decision maker can select the appropriate delivery system ‎for ‎the project. Based on this approach, a multi-objective decision-making ‎model has been developed, which, by ‎receiving the project's risk profile, ‎quantitatively suggests the optimal structure and determines its level of ‎risks ‎exposure (in the form of an increase in the project's cost price). The ‎sensitivity analysis tool of this model also ‎guides the employer which ‎contractual tools or management capacities the employer should provide ‎in case of ‎using a specific contractual model.‎

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Project Delivery System
Procurement Method
Risk management
Construction Contract
&lrm
Project Management

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