ارزیابی چرخه‌ عمر با تلفیق مدلسازی اطلاعات ساختمان و متغیرهای اقلیمی-منطقه‌ای

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

با گسترش نقش قابل ملاحظه‌ صنعت معماری، مهندسی و ساخت در مصرف جهانی انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای، توسعه‌‌ی مبانی طراحی پایدار و کاهش اثرات زیست محیطی از اهمیت روز افزون برخوردار شده است. در این راستا استفاده از مدلسازی اطلاعات ساختمان و به کار گیری آن در ارزیابی چرخه‌ عمر در مراحل اولیه‌ طراحی روش قابل اطمینانی برای ارزیابی مبانی توسعه‌ پایدار در ساختمان‌ها است. در نتیجه‌‌ تعدد عواملی که در ارزیابی پایداری یک ساختمان اثرگذارند، هنگام بهینه‌سازی اثرات ناشی از ساخت و بهره‌برداری از یک ساختمان نقش متغیرهای اقلیمی و منطقه‌ای گاهاً مورد توجه قرار نمی‌گیرد. این پژوهش، متغیرهای اقلیمی- منطقه‌ای و تاثیر آن‌ها را در ارزیابی چرخه‌ی عمر ساختمان و مصرف سالانه‌ انرژی آن مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهد. بدین ترتیب سه مدل یکسان در سه موقعیت با اقلیم متفاوت در آمریکای شمالی ( بوستون، آریزونا و کبک) توسعه داده شده و ارزیابی چرخه‌ عمر برای این سه مدل در دو سناریوی مختلف بررسی شده است. نتایج نشان داد با استفاده از مصالح مناسب که با ویژگی‌های آب و هوایی منطقه سازگاری دارد، بیش از %28 در مصرف انرژی سالانه‌ ساختمان در مرحله‌ی بهره‌برداری صرفه‌جویی شود. گرچه لایه‌ عایق حرارتی به کاهش مصرف انرژی کمک می‌کند، اما موجب افزایش %3 در مقدار گازهای گلخانه‌ای انتشار یافته در طول چرخه‌ عمر مدل می‌شود. این مقدار با توجه به این‌که حجم عایق حرارتی به کار گرفته شده در مجموع کمتر از %2 از حجم کل مدل است، مقدار قابل تاملی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

BIM-Based LCA and the role of Regional Variables

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Akbar Shirzadi Javid 1
  • Sahar Falegari 2
1 Associate Professor, School of Civil Engineering. Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 M.Sc. Student, School of Civil Engineering. Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

With the architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry representing a significant share of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, developing sustainable design and reducing buildings environmental impacts has become a priority over the past decades. Adopting building information modelling (BIM) tools and implementing them into life cycle analysis (LCA) techniques at early stages of design has proven to be one of the most effective methods for a buildings sustainability evaluation. It’s quite often that some of these attributes are overlooked due to their insignificance or in order to facilitate the analysis. With our environment constantly going through changes it is reasonable that the construction industry should also aim to adapt to these changes and make use of them. However, the role of local climate features and its effects on a buildings energy output is often so neglected. This research aims to consider the role of climatic attributes and local weather characteristics of a building by using BIM-LCA integration techniques, and see how it affects that buildings energy performance. It is witnessed that by using the proper equipment and construction materials, that matches the respective climate, up to 28% of the buildings energy consumption during the operational phase, can be saved. Admitting changes to the model however, can cause up to 3% increase in the models GHG emissions. Moreover, this work develops a prototype to validate the results.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)
  • BIM-based LCA
  • Regional variables
  • Climate Change
  • Building Information Modeling (BIM)
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