Investigation of the effect of sodium hydroxide to sodium silicate ratio on compressive strength of geopolymer concrete containing recycled concrete aggregates: Experimental and modeling studies

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student in Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Roodehen, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Civil Engineering, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Roodehen, Damavand, Iran.

Abstract

Geopolymer concrete has been proposed in recent years as a green alternative to conventional concrete, which can reduce the negative environmental effects of Portland cement production. In this study, the effect of three different factors such as metakaolin replacement, Na2Sio3/NaOH ratio and polypropylene fiber percentage on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete at 7 and 28 days was evaluated. The results showed that with increasing the ratio of sodium silicate solution to sodium hydroxide, the compressive strength of concrete increases significantly up to 22%. Also, in the analysis of the metakaolin replacement per fly ash, it was concluded that with increasing the percentage of metakaolin replacement up to 30%, the compressive strength of the control sample increased to about 14%. Also, as a general result, adding polypropylene fibers up to 1.5% by volume did not have much effect on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. Moreover, the mixed designs obtained along with the compressive strength of the specimens were modeled using the artificial neural network and multivariate regression analysis. Based on the training and testing results, the artificial neural network method in the RMSE and MAE semesters with values of 1.998 and 1.5899, respectively, has an acceptable performance compared to the multivariate regression analysis in predicting compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. In addition, the results of sensitivity analysis showed that Na2Sio3 / NaOH and sample age had the most effect and polypropylene fibers had the least effect in predicting the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Ramachandran, V. S., & Feldman, R. F. (1996). Concrete science. In Concrete Admixtures Handbook (pp. 1-66). William Andrew Publishing.
[2] Assi, L. N., Deaver, E. E., & Ziehl, P. (2018). Effect of source and particle size distribution on the mechanical and microstructural properties of fly Ash-Based geopolymer concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 167, 372-380.
[3] Malhotra, V. M. (2006). Reducing CO2 emissions. Concrete international, 28(9), 42-45.
[4] Yang, K. H., Jung, Y. B., Cho, M. S., & Tae, S. H. (2015). Effect of supplementary cementitious materials on reduction of CO2 emissions from concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production, 103, 774-783.
[5] Gartner, E., & Hirao, H. (2015). A review of alternative approaches to the reduction of CO2 emissions associated with the manufacture of the binder phase in concrete. Cement and Concrete research, 78, 126-142.
[6] Andrejkovičová, S., Sudagar, A., Rocha, J., Patinha, C., Hajjaji, W., da Silva, E. F., ... & Rocha, F. (2016). The effect of natural zeolite on microstructure, mechanical and heavy metals adsorption properties of metakaolin based geopolymers. Applied Clay Science, 126, 141-152.
[7] Mirzaei, M., & Bekri, M. (2017). Energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Iran, 2025. Environmental research, 154, 345-351.
[8] Davidovits, J. (1991). Geopolymers: inorganic polymeric new materials. Journal of Thermal Analysis and calorimetry, 37(8), 1633-1656.
[9] Shahmansouri, A. A., Nematzadeh, M., & Behnood, A. (2021). Mechanical properties of GGBFS-based geopolymer concrete incorporating natural zeolite and silica fume with an optimum design using response surface method. Journal of Building Engineering, 36, 102138.
[10] Ekinci, E., Türkmen, İ., Kantarci, F., & Karakoç, M. B. (2019). The improvement of mechanical, physical and durability characteristics of volcanic tuff based geopolymer concrete by using nano silica, micro silica and Styrene-Butadiene Latex additives at different ratios. Construction and Building Materials, 201, 257-267.
[11] Karakoç, M. B., Türkmen, I., Maraş, M. M., Kantarci, F., Demirboğa, R., & Toprak, M. U. (2014). Mechanical properties and setting time of ferrochrome slag based geopolymer paste and mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 72, 283-292.
[12] Yaseri, S., Hajiaghaei, G., Mohammadi, F., Mahdikhani, M., & Farokhzad, R. (2017). The role of synthesis parameters on the workability, setting and strength properties of binary binder based geopolymer paste. Construction and Building Materials, 157, 534-545.
[13] Karthik, A., Sudalaimani, K., & Kumar, C. V. (2017). Investigation on mechanical properties of fly ash-ground granulated blast furnace slag based self curing bio-geopolymer concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 149, 338-349.
[14] Bagheri, A., & Nazari, A. (2014). Compressive strength of high strength class C fly ash-based geopolymers with reactive granulated blast furnace slag aggregates designed by Taguchi method. Materials & Design (1980-2015), 54, 483-490.
[15] Zawrah, M. F., Gado, R. A., Feltin, N., Ducourtieux, S., & Devoille, L. (2016). Recycling and utilization assessment of waste fired clay bricks (Grog) with granulated blast-furnace slag for geopolymer production. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 103, 237-251.
[16] Sakkas, K., Panias, D., Nomikos, P. P., & Sofianos, A. I. (2014). Potassium based geopolymer for passive fire protection of concrete tunnels linings. Tunnelling and underground space technology, 43, 148-156.
[17] Phummiphan, I., Horpibulsuk, S., Sukmak, P., Chinkulkijniwat, A., Arulrajah, A., & Shen, S. L. (2016). Stabilisation of marginal lateritic soil using high calcium fly ash-based geopolymer. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 17(4), 877-891.
[18] Cheng, T. W., & Chiu, J. P. (2003). Fire-resistant geopolymer produced by granulated blast furnace slag. Minerals engineering, 16(3), 205-210.
[19] Temuujin, J., Rickard, W., Lee, M., & van Riessen, A. (2011). Preparation and thermal properties of fire resistant metakaolin-based geopolymer-type coatings. Journal of non-crystalline solids, 357(5), 1399-1404.
[20] Wongsa, A., Wongkvanklom, A., Tanangteerapong, D., & Chindaprasirt, P. (2020). Comparative study of fire-resistant behaviors of high-calcium fly ash geopolymer mortar containing zeolite and mullite. Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 9(5), 307-321.
[21] Guo, X., & Xiong, G. (2021). Resistance of fiber-reinforced fly ash-steel slag based geopolymer mortar to sulfate attack and drying-wetting cycles. Construction and Building Materials, 269, 121326.
[22] Qu, F., Li, W., Wang, K., Zhang, S., & Sheng, D. (2021). Performance deterioration of fly ash/slag-based geopolymer composites subjected to coupled cyclic preloading and sulfuric acid attack. Journal of Cleaner Production, 321, 128942.
[23] Cheng, Z., Zhao, R., Yuan, Y., Li, F., Castel, A., & Xu, T. (2020). Ageing coefficient for early age tensile creep of blended slag and low calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 262, 119855.
[24] Si, R., Dai, Q., Guo, S., & Wang, J. (2020). Mechanical property, nanopore structure and drying shrinkage of metakaolin-based geopolymer with waste glass powder. Journal of Cleaner Production, 242, 118502.
[25] Gholampour, A., Ozbakkaloglu, T., & Ng, C. T. (2019). Ambient-and oven-cured geopolymer concretes under active confinement. Construction and Building Materials, 228, 116722.
[26] Patel, Y. J., & Shah, N. (2018). Study on Workability and Hardened Properties of Self Compacted Geopolymer Concrete Cured at Ambient Temperature. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 11(1), 1-12.
[27] Saini, G., & Vattipalli, U. (2020). Assessing properties of alkali activated GGBS based self-compacting geopolymer concrete using nano-silica. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 12, e00352.
[28] Sharma, A. K., & Anand, K. B. (2019). Comparative study on synthesis and properties of geopolymer fine aggregate from fly ashes. Construction and Building Materials, 198, 359-367.
[29] Salih, M. A., Ali, A. A. A., & Farzadnia, N. (2014). Characterization of mechanical and microstructural properties of palm oil fuel ash geopolymer cement paste. Construction and Building Materials, 65, 592-603.
[30] ASTM C39, Standard Test Method for Compressive strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.
[31] Wang, S. C. (2003). Artificial neural network. In Interdisciplinary computing in java programming (pp. 81-100). Springer, Boston, MA.
[32] Abiodun, O. I., Jantan, A., Omolara, A. E., Dada, K. V., Mohamed, N. A., & Arshad, H. (2018). State-of-the-art in artificial neural network applications: A survey. Heliyon, 4(11), e00938.
[33] Mishra, M., & Srivastava, M. (2014, August). A view of artificial neural network. In 2014 International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR-2014) (pp. 1-3). IEEE.
[34] Agatonovic-Kustrin, S., & Beresford, R. (2000). Basic concepts of artificial neural network (ANN) modeling and its application in pharmaceutical research. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 22(5), 717-727.
[35] Duan, P., Yan, C., & Zhou, W. (2016). Influence of partial replacement of fly ash by metakaolin on mechanical properties and microstructure of fly ash geopolymer paste exposed to sulfate attack. Ceramics International, 42(2), 3504-3517.
[36] Asrani, N. P., Murali, G., Parthiban, K., Surya, K., Prakash, A., Rathika, K., & Chandru, U. (2019). A feasibility of enhancing the impact resistance of hybrid fibrous geopolymer composites: Experiments and modelling. Construction and Building Materials, 203, 56-68.
Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering
Volume 9, Issue 11 - Serial Number 64
February 2023
Pages 101-121

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 13 January 2022
  • Revise Date: 15 March 2022
  • Accept Date: 11 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics