The Development of Spectrum displacement for Seismic Design of Urban Metro Tunnels with Circular CrossSections in Alluvial Soil based on SSI

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 civil engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

2 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, , semnan,iran

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

Abstract

Buried structures such as tunnels, depending on geometric shape, burial depth and various geotechnical and seismic parameters, exhibit different behavior in the event of an earthquake. Tunnels with circular cross-sections are now widely used in the field of transport. One of its most prominent uses is the urban metro that is created using tunnel drilling machines. The behavior of these structures against earthquakes at the time of operation is something that must be considered when designing. The tunnel structure is more sensitive to the ground's displacement than other seismic parameters, on the other hand, the effect of the vertical component of the earthquake on the tunnel structure is less in the far field. Therefore, vertical displacement of the tunnel is less important than horizontal displacement. In this study, variations in depth of placement, diameter and thickness of the tunnel lining and soil properties were performed and in this regard, the vibrating frequency of the soil and tunnel mass has been calculated. In the following, the maximum horizontal displacement component of the tunnel crown was calculated under eleven important and well-known earthquake record. Also, the relationship between the maximum horizontal component of the tunnel crown displacement and the frequency of soil and tunnel mass has led to the production of spectrum of the displacement. Using Plaxis and Ansys finite element softwares, a study was conducted on an urban metro tunnel with horizontal components of earthquake records similar to alluvial soils of the site. The results indicate that the envelope diagram on the horizontal displacement of the tunnel crown is changed in a nonlinear function during the investigating period. Also, the effect of changing the depth of placement and the thickness of the lining and the diameter of the tunnel on reducing the horizontal displacement of the tunnel's crown have been studied.

Highlights

  • Newmark, N. M. (1968). Problems in Wave Propagation in Soil and Rock: International Symposium on Wave Propagation and Dynamic Properties of Earth Materials.
  • Kuesel, T. R. (1969). Earthquake Design Criteria for Subways. Journal of the Structural Divisions, ASCE, Vol. 95, No. ST6, June 1969.
  • Iida, H. Hiroto, T. Yoshida, N. and Iwafuji, M. (1996). Damage to Daikaisubway station. Soils and Foundations, Special Issue on GeotechnicalAspects of the January 17 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake. Japanese Geotechnical Society, pp. 283-300.
  • Dowding, C.H. and Rozen, A. (1978). Damage to Rock Tunnels from Earthquake Shaking. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. GT2, February1978.
  • Owen, G. N. and Scholl, R.E. (1981)., Earthquake Engineering of Large Underground Structures. prepared for the Federal Highway Administration, FHWA/RD-80/195.
  • Merritt, J.L. Monsees, J.E. and Hendron. A.J. (1985). Seismic design of underground structures: Proceedings of the 1985 Rapid Excavation Tunneling Conference, vol.1, pp.104-131.
  • John, C. M. and Zahrah, T. F. (1987). Aseismic Design of Underground Structures. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 2, No. 2.
  • Sharma, S. and Judd, W. R. (1991). Underground Opening Damage from Earthquakes. Engineering Geology, 30.
  • Wang, Wang, T. Su, J. Lin, C. Seng, C. and Huang, T. (2001). Tunneling in Taiwan – assessment of damage in mountain tunnels due to the Taiwan Chi–Chi Earthquake. J Tunnelling Underground Space Technol, vol.16, pp.133–150.
  • Power, M.S. Rosidi, D. and Kaneshiro, J. (1996). III Strawman:screening, evaluation, and retrofit design of tunnels. Buffalo, New York: Report raft. National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research.
  • Wang,-N. (1993). Seismic Design of Tunnels: A State-of-the-Art Approach. Monograph, monograph 7. Parsons. Brinckerhoff, Quade and Douglas Inc, New York.
  • Penzien, J. (2000). Seismically induced racking of tunnel linings. J.Earthquake Eng.Structural Dynamics, Vol.29, pp.683-691.
  • Hashash, YA. Hook, J. Schmidt, B. and Chiangyao, J. (2001). Seismic design and analysis of underground structures. J Tunn Undergr Space Technol, 16, No. 4, pp.247–293.
  • Cilingir, Ulas. and Gopal Madabhushi, S.P. (2011). Effect of depth on seismic response of circular tunnels. Geotech. J, vol. 48, pp. 117–127.
  • He, Benguo. and Zhang, Zhiqiang. (2011). Seismic Response of Metro Tunnel in Beijing Stratum: 2011 International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences, 893-896.
  • Sevim, B. (2011). Nonlinear earthquake behaviour of highway tunnels. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci, vol.11, pp. 2755–2763.
  • Besharat,V. Davoodi, M. and Jafari, M.K. (2014). Variations in Ground Surface Responses Under Different Seismic Input Motions Due the Presence of a Tunnel. Arab J Sci Eng, vol.39, pp.6927–6941.
  • Singh ,Manendra. Narayan Viladkar, Manohar. and Samadhiya, Narendra Kumar. (2016). Seismic Analysis of Delhi Metro Underground Tunnels. Indian Geotech J.
  • Plaxis 2D version 8.5. Finite element code for geotechnical engineering. http://www.plaxis.nl/.
  • ANSYS Multiphysics Simulation Software version 15. Finite element code for mechanical engineering. http:// ansys.com/.
  • Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), (2017). PEER Ground Motion Database. Available at: http://peer.berkeley.edu /peer_ground_motion_database/site.
  • Lysmer, and Kuhlemeyer, RL. (1969). Finite dynamic model forinfinite media. J Eng Mech Div, vol. 95, pp.859–878.
  • Dobry, R. Oweis, I. and Urzua, A. )1976(. Simplified procedures for estimating the fundamental period of a soil profile. Seismol.Soc. Am, Vol. 66, No.4, pp. 1293-1321.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  • Newmark, N. M. (1968). Problems in Wave Propagation in Soil and Rock: International Symposium on Wave Propagation and Dynamic Properties of Earth Materials.
  • Kuesel, T. R. (1969). Earthquake Design Criteria for Subways. Journal of the Structural Divisions, ASCE, Vol. 95, No. ST6, June 1969.
  • Iida, H. Hiroto, T. Yoshida, N. and Iwafuji, M. (1996). Damage to Daikaisubway station. Soils and Foundations, Special Issue on GeotechnicalAspects of the January 17 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake. Japanese Geotechnical Society, pp. 283-300.
  • Dowding, C.H. and Rozen, A. (1978). Damage to Rock Tunnels from Earthquake Shaking. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. GT2, February1978.
  • Owen, G. N. and Scholl, R.E. (1981)., Earthquake Engineering of Large Underground Structures. prepared for the Federal Highway Administration, FHWA/RD-80/195.
  • Merritt, J.L. Monsees, J.E. and Hendron. A.J. (1985). Seismic design of underground structures: Proceedings of the 1985 Rapid Excavation Tunneling Conference, vol.1, pp.104-131.
  • John, C. M. and Zahrah, T. F. (1987). Aseismic Design of Underground Structures. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 2, No. 2.
  • Sharma, S. and Judd, W. R. (1991). Underground Opening Damage from Earthquakes. Engineering Geology, 30.
  • Wang, Wang, T. Su, J. Lin, C. Seng, C. and Huang, T. (2001). Tunneling in Taiwan – assessment of damage in mountain tunnels due to the Taiwan Chi–Chi Earthquake. J Tunnelling Underground Space Technol, vol.16, pp.133–150.
  • Power, M.S. Rosidi, D. and Kaneshiro, J. (1996). III Strawman:screening, evaluation, and retrofit design of tunnels. Buffalo, New York: Report raft. National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research.
  • Wang,-N. (1993). Seismic Design of Tunnels: A State-of-the-Art Approach. Monograph, monograph 7. Parsons. Brinckerhoff, Quade and Douglas Inc, New York.
  • Penzien, J. (2000). Seismically induced racking of tunnel linings. J.Earthquake Eng.Structural Dynamics, Vol.29, pp.683-691.
  • Hashash, YA. Hook, J. Schmidt, B. and Chiangyao, J. (2001). Seismic design and analysis of underground structures. J Tunn Undergr Space Technol, 16, No. 4, pp.247–293.
  • Cilingir, Ulas. and Gopal Madabhushi, S.P. (2011). Effect of depth on seismic response of circular tunnels. Geotech. J, vol. 48, pp. 117–127.
  • He, Benguo. and Zhang, Zhiqiang. (2011). Seismic Response of Metro Tunnel in Beijing Stratum: 2011 International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences, 893-896.
  • Sevim, B. (2011). Nonlinear earthquake behaviour of highway tunnels. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci, vol.11, pp. 2755–2763.
  • Besharat,V. Davoodi, M. and Jafari, M.K. (2014). Variations in Ground Surface Responses Under Different Seismic Input Motions Due the Presence of a Tunnel. Arab J Sci Eng, vol.39, pp.6927–6941.
  • Singh ,Manendra. Narayan Viladkar, Manohar. and Samadhiya, Narendra Kumar. (2016). Seismic Analysis of Delhi Metro Underground Tunnels. Indian Geotech J.
  • Plaxis 2D version 8.5. Finite element code for geotechnical engineering. http://www.plaxis.nl/.
  • ANSYS Multiphysics Simulation Software version 15. Finite element code for mechanical engineering. http:// ansys.com/.
  • Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), (2017). PEER Ground Motion Database. Available at: http://peer.berkeley.edu /peer_ground_motion_database/site.
  • Lysmer, and Kuhlemeyer, RL. (1969). Finite dynamic model forinfinite media. J Eng Mech Div, vol. 95, pp.859–878.
  • Dobry, R. Oweis, I. and Urzua, A. )1976(. Simplified procedures for estimating the fundamental period of a soil profile. Seismol.Soc. Am, Vol. 66, No.4, pp. 1293-1321.
Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering
Volume 7, Issue 4 - Serial Number 36
November 2020
Pages 170-186

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History

  • Receive Date: 14 August 2018
  • Revise Date: 11 October 2018
  • Accept Date: 13 November 2018

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