Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering

Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering

Investigation of the mechanical properties of structural lightweight concrete and fiber reinforced concrete exposed to elevated temperatures

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Khalil Arab Shahrab 1
Aboozar Mirzakhani 2
Ehsan Kashi 2
Nematollah Bakhshi 3
1 Ph.D Candidate, Civil engineering department. Shahroud Branch, Islamic azad university, Shahroud, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Civil engineering department. Shahroud Branch, Islamic azad university, Shahroud, Iran
3 PhD, Department of civil and environmental engineering (Concrete and Building Materials Laboratory), Amirkabir university of technology, Tehran. Iran.
10.22065/jsce.2024.421952.3248
Abstract
Concrete is one of the most widely used materials in the current century. At high temperatures, due to high thermal stresses and low tensile strength, this material suffers from problems such as cracking, crumbling, or disintegration. In this research, concrete samples have been reinforced using steel and polypropylene fibers and subjected to different temperatures from 25 degrees to 800 °C, and compressive and tensile strength tests have been performed on the samples. In order to better examine the results, a concrete sample containing lightweight aggregate was also prepared and tested along with other samples. The test results showed that with the addition of steel and polypropylene fibers, the compressive strength up to the temperature of 200 °C is higher or similar to the control sample. Also, the tensile strength test results showed that samples containing steel fibers had the highest tensile strength at all temperatures. The results of the compressive and tensile strength test also displayed that at temperatures of 600 °C and above, the lightweight concrete sample has a higher or similar strength to the control sample. Polypropylene fibers start to melt at 400 °C, which has caused a drop in compressive and tensile strength in samples containing this type of fibers at temperatures above 400 °C.
Keywords
Mechanical properties
high temperatures
light-weight concrete
fiber reinforced concrete
steel fibers
Polypropylene fibers

Subjects

[1]  P. Monteiro, (2000), Concrete: microstructure, properties, and materials. McGraw-Hill Publishing, 2006.
[2]  G. A. Khoury, (2013), "Effect of fire on concrete and concrete structures," Progress in structural engineering & materials, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 429-447.
[3]  F. Ali, A. Nadjai, G. Silcock, and A. Abu-Tair, (2004) "Outcomes of a major research on fire resistance of concrete columns," Fire safety journal, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 433-44.
 [5] ASTM Designation E 119-88, (1994), Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, Section 4, Vol. 04.07, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.
[6]  M. Paz, W. Leigh, M. Paz, and W. Leigh, (2004), "International building code IBC-2000," Structural Dynamics: Theory & Computation, pp. 757-781.
[7]  T. Z. Harmathy, (1993), "Fire safety design and concrete,".
[8]  V. Kodur, (2014), "Properties of concrete at elevated temperatures," International Scholarly Research Notices, vol. 2014.
[9]  H. Zhao, F. Liu, and H. Yang, (2020), "Residual compressive response of concrete produced with both coarse and fine recycled concrete aggregates after thermal exposure," Construction & Building Materials, vol. 244, p. 118397.
[10] H. W. Iqbal, R. A. Khushnood, W. L. Baloch, A. Nawaz, and R. F. Tufail, (2020), "Influence of graphite nano/micro platelets on the residual performance of high strength concrete exposed to elevated temperature," Construction & Building Materials, vol. 253, p. 119029.
[11] Y.-S. Tai, H.-H. Pan, and Y.-N. Kung, (2011), "Mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced reactive powder concrete following exposure to high temperature reaching 800 C," Nuclear Engineering & Design, vol. 241, no. 7, pp. 2416-2424.
[12] M. Abid, X. Hou, W. Zheng, and R. R. Hussain, (2017), "High temperature and residual properties of reactive powder concrete–A review," Construction & Building Materials, vol. 147, pp. 339-351.
[13] M. Alexander, A. Bentur, and S. Mindess, (2017), Durability of concrete: design and construction. CRC Press.
[14] J. Xiao and G. König, (2004), "Study on concrete at high temperature in China—an overview," Fire safety journal, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 89-103.
[15] K. Behfarnia and M. Shahbaz, (2018), "The effect of elevated temperature on the residual tensile strength and physical properties of the alkali-activated slag concrete," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 20, pp. 442-454.
[16] C.-S. Poon, S. Azhar, M. Anson, and Y.-L. Wong, (2001), "Comparison of the strength and durability performance of normal-and high-strength pozzolanic concretes at elevated temperatures," Cement & concrete research, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 1291-1300.
[17] F. Varona, F. J. Baeza, D. Bru, and S. Ivorra, (2018), "Influence of high temperature on the mechanical properties of hybrid fibre reinforced normal and high strength concrete," Construction & Building Materials, vol. 159, pp. 73-82.
[18] J. Xie, Z. Zhang, Z. Lu, and M. Sun, (2018), "Coupling effects of silica fume and steel-fiber on the compressive behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete after exposure to elevated temperature," Construction & Building Materials, vol. 184, pp. 752-764.
[19] H. Dilbas, M. Şimşek, and Ö. Çakır, (2014), "An investigation on mechanical and physical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with and without silica fume," Construction & Building materials, vol. 61, pp. 50-59.
[20] V. Afroughsabet and T. Ozbakkaloglu, (2015), "Mechanical and durability properties of high-strength concrete containing steel and polypropylene fibers," Construction & building materials, vol. 94, pp. 73-82.
[21] F. Hasan-Nattaj and M. Nematzadeh, (2017), "The effect of forta-ferro and steel fibers on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete with and without silica fume and nano-silica," Construction & Building Materials, vol. 137, pp. 557-572.
[22] S. Ahmad, Y. S. Sallam, and M. A. Al-Hawas, (2014), "Effects of key factors on compressive and tensile strengths of concrete exposed to elevated temperatures," Arabian journal for science & engineering, vol. 39, pp. 4507-4513.
[23] L. T. Phan and L. Phan, (1996), Fire performance of high-strength concrete: a report of the state-of-the-art. National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD.
[24] S. R. Sarhat and E. G. Sherwood, (2013), "Residual mechanical response of recycled aggregate concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures," Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1721-1730.
[25] Y. Xu, Y. Wong, C. S. Poon, and M. Anson, (2001), "Impact of high temperature on PFA concrete," Cement & concrete research, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 1065-1073.
[26] J. Vieira, J. Correia, and J. De Brito, (2011), "Post-fire residual mechanical properties of concrete made with recycled concrete coarse aggregates," Cement & Concrete Research, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 533-541.
[27] B. Chen and J. Liu, (2004), "Residual strength of hybrid-fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete after exposure to high temperatures," Cement & Concrete Research, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1065-1069.
[28] A. Behnood and H. Ziari, (2008), "Effects of silica fume addition and water to cement ratio on the properties of high-strength concrete after exposure to high temperatures," Cement & Concrete Composites, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 106-112.
[29] Y.-F. Chang, Y.-H. Chen, M.-S. Sheu, and G. C. Yao, (2006), "Residual stress–strain relationship for concrete after exposure to high temperatures," Cement & concrete research, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 1999-2005.
[30] A. M. Neville and J. J. Brooks, (1987), Concrete technology. Longman Scientific & Technical England.
[31] J. Eidan, I. Rasoolan, A. Rezaeian, and D. Poorveis, (2019), "Residual mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete after heating," Construction & Building Materials, vol. 198, pp. 195-206.
[32] A. Lau and M. Anson, (2006), "Effect of high temperatures on high performance steel fibre reinforced concrete," Cement & concrete research, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 1698-1707.
[33] M. A. Moghadam and R. A. Izadifard, (2020), "Effects of steel and glass fibers on mechanical and durability properties of concrete exposed to high temperatures," Fire Safety Journal, vol. 113, p. 102978.
[34] ASTM Standard C33, 2003e1, "Specification for Concrete Aggregates," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003,
[35] ASTM C496 / C496M-17, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017

  • Receive Date 23 October 2023
  • Revise Date 29 December 2023
  • Accept Date 08 January 2024