Investigating the effect of stiffness of non-structural walls consisting of panels with polystyrene core and lightweight concrete coating in infill-steel frame interaction

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of civil engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

2 Department of Civil Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad university, Arak, Iran

3 Department of civil engineering, Tehran West Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of architectural engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.

5 Department of Civil Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

Abstract

This paper investigated the effect of the stiffness of a light panel type with polystyrene core and lightweight concrete coating on the behavior of plain steel frames. An experimental study was performed on two large-scale specimens of one-story single-span. The behavior of panels and determine the effect of their stiffness, an in-plane infill-frame interaction frame, including a steel frame with isolated and non-isolated panels, were investigated. The specimens were tested under controlled displacement to investigate the in-plane infill-frame interaction of steel frames. Both isolated and non-isolated panels were tested under quasi-static cyclic loading. The results show that the proper behavior of this type of panel in isolated and non-isolated frames, the global stiffness of the frames and panels are reduced with a gentle slope, and brittle failure does not occur in the frames and panels. In the isolated specimens, the relative displacement (drift) of 1%, and the stiffness was 1.22 kN/mm. When the drift increased to 2.5%, the stiffness decreased to 0.88 kN/mm. In the non-isolated specimens, the drift of 1%, and the stiffness was 2.49 kN/mm. When the drift increased to 2.5%, the stiffness decreased to 0.89 kN/mm. The behavior of the non-isolated frame after loading is similar to the isolated frame because only the corners of the panel failed. A similar result was obtained in the failure pattern. In other words, the corners of the non-isolated panels attached to the frame failed by increasing the displacement due to in-plane infill-frame interaction. In the subsequent cycles, another part of the corners of the panels failed again. Complete failure was not observed in the panels. Similarly, in the non-isolated specimens, the panels remain without global failure after applying the cyclic load. The behavior of the non-isolated frame is similar to the isolated frame, with a decreased stiffness.

Highlights

[1] Hashemi, S. A. (2007). Seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete buildings including effects of masonry infill walls, Phd Dissertation, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley.

[2] Albert, M.L., Elwi, A. E, and Cheng, J. J. (2001). Strengthening of unreinforced masonry walls using FRPs. Journal of Composites for Construction, 5 (2), 76–84.

[3] Schwartz J, Mojsilovic´ N, Becker C, et al. (2011) Cyclic shear load tests on seismically strengthened masonry walls. In: Proceedings of the 11th North American masonry conference (NAMC), Minneapolis, MN, 5–8 June, pp. 1331– 1342. Available at: http://www.schwartz.arch.ethz.ch/ Publikationen/Dokumente/mauerwerk.pdf

 [4] El-Dakhakhni, W., Hamid, A. A., and Elgaaly, M. (2004). Seismic retrofit of concrete-masonry-infilled steel frame with glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates. Journal of Structural Engineering, 130 (9), 1343–1352.

[5] Altın, S., Anıl, O¨, Kopraman, Y., and Belgin, C.. (2010). Strengthening masonry infill walls with reinforced plaster. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, 163 (5), 331–342.

 [6] Jung, W. Y., and Aref, A. J. (2005). Analytical and numerical studies of polymer matrix composite sandwich infill panels. Composite Structures, 68 (3), 359–370.

[7] Sahota, M. K., and Riddington, J. R. (2001). Experimental investigation into using lead to reduce vertical load transfer in infilled frames. Engineering Structures, 23 (1), 94–101.

[8] Ju, R. S, Lee, H. J., Chen, C. C., and Tao, C. C. (2012). Experimental study on separating reinforced concrete infill walls from steel moment frames. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 71 (1), 119–128.

 [9] Markulak, D., Radic, I., and Sigmund, V. (2013). Cyclic testing of single bay steel frames with various types of masonry infill. Engineering Structures, 51 (1), 267–277.

[10] Morandi, P., Milanesi, R. R., and Magenes, G. (2018). Innovative solution for seismic-resistant masonry infills with sliding joints: in-plane experimental performance. Engineering Structures, 176 (1), 719–733.

[11] Mohammadi, M., and Akrami, V. (2010). An engineered infilled frame: behaviour and calibration. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 66 (6), 842–849.

[12] Mohammadi, M., Akrami, V., and Mohammadi-Ghazi, R. (2011). Methods to improve infilled frame ductility. Journal of Structural Engineering, 137 (6), 646-653.

[13] Mohammadi, M. and Mohammadi-Ghazi, R. (2012). A new infilled steel frame with engineering properties. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, 165 (1), 15–25.

[14] Hashemi, S. J., Razzaghi, J., and Moghadam, A. S. (2018). Behaviour of sandwich panel infilled steel frames with different interface conditions. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, 171 (2), 166–177.

[15] Asadzadeh, S. A., Mohamadi, M., Khajeh Ahmad Attari, N., and Zareei, S. A. (2020). An experimental study on the effect of frame-to-wall connection type on the seismic behavior of steel frames infilled with autoclave-cured aerated concrete blocks. Advances in Structural Engineering, 1–15.

[16] Kahrizi, M., and TahamouliRoudsari, M. (2020). Experimental Study on Properties of Masonry Infill Walls Connected to Steel Frames with Different Connection Details. Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, 14 (2), 165-185.

 [17] Pachideh, G., Gholhaki, M., Yadegari, A., and Shiri, M. (2016). Modeling and Analysis of Thin Steel Plate Shear Walls Using the New Method, 2nd international conference on civil engineering, architecture & urban planning elites, London-united kingdom ,124-136

 

[18] Kheyroddin, A.,. Gholhaki, M., and  Pachideh., Gh. (2019). Seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete moment frames retrofitted with steel braces using IDA and pushover methods in the near-fault field, Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering 7 (1), 159-173.

 

[19] Ismail. N., El-Maaddawy. T., Khattak. N., and Najmal., A. (2019). In-Plane Shear Strength Improvement of Hollow Concrete Masonry Panels Using a Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix. American Society of Civil Engineers, 22(2), 4-13

 

[20] Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2000). FEMA 356: Prestandard  for the seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings. Washington, D.C, USA.

[21] Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2007). FEMA 461: Interim testing protocols for determining the seismic performance characteristics of structural and nonstructural components. Burlingame, CA, USA.

 

[22] American Institute of Steel Constuction (AISC).(2010). Specification for Structure Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC318-10). Chicago, USA

 

[23] American Concrete Institute (ACI).(2019). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19). USA

 

[24] Hashemi. S.J., Razzaghi. J. S., Moghadam. A., Lourenço. P. B. (2018b). Cyclic testing of steel frames infilled with concrete sandwich panels. Archives of civil and mechanical engineering, 18: 557–572.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Hashemi, S. A. (2007). Seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete buildings including effects of masonry infill walls, Phd Dissertation, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley.
[2] Albert, M.L., Elwi, A. E, and Cheng, J. J. (2001). Strengthening of unreinforced masonry walls using FRPs. Journal of Composites for Construction, 5 (2), 76–84.
[3] Schwartz J, Mojsilovic´ N, Becker C, et al. (2011) Cyclic shear load tests on seismically strengthened masonry walls. In: Proceedings of the 11th North American masonry conference (NAMC), Minneapolis, MN, 5–8 June, pp. 1331– 1342. Available at: http://www.schwartz.arch.ethz.ch/ Publikationen/Dokumente/mauerwerk.pdf
 [4] El-Dakhakhni, W., Hamid, A. A., and Elgaaly, M. (2004). Seismic retrofit of concrete-masonry-infilled steel frame with glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates. Journal of Structural Engineering, 130 (9), 1343–1352.
[5] Altın, S., Anıl, O¨, Kopraman, Y., and Belgin, C.. (2010). Strengthening masonry infill walls with reinforced plaster. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, 163 (5), 331–342.
 [6] Jung, W. Y., and Aref, A. J. (2005). Analytical and numerical studies of polymer matrix composite sandwich infill panels. Composite Structures, 68 (3), 359–370.
[7] Sahota, M. K., and Riddington, J. R. (2001). Experimental investigation into using lead to reduce vertical load transfer in infilled frames. Engineering Structures, 23 (1), 94–101.
[8] Ju, R. S, Lee, H. J., Chen, C. C., and Tao, C. C. (2012). Experimental study on separating reinforced concrete infill walls from steel moment frames. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 71 (1), 119–128.
 [9] Markulak, D., Radic, I., and Sigmund, V. (2013). Cyclic testing of single bay steel frames with various types of masonry infill. Engineering Structures, 51 (1), 267–277.
[10] Morandi, P., Milanesi, R. R., and Magenes, G. (2018). Innovative solution for seismic-resistant masonry infills with sliding joints: in-plane experimental performance. Engineering Structures, 176 (1), 719–733.
[11] Mohammadi, M., and Akrami, V. (2010). An engineered infilled frame: behaviour and calibration. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 66 (6), 842–849.
[12] Mohammadi, M., Akrami, V., and Mohammadi-Ghazi, R. (2011). Methods to improve infilled frame ductility. Journal of Structural Engineering, 137 (6), 646-653.
[13] Mohammadi, M. and Mohammadi-Ghazi, R. (2012). A new infilled steel frame with engineering properties. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, 165 (1), 15–25.
[14] Hashemi, S. J., Razzaghi, J., and Moghadam, A. S. (2018). Behaviour of sandwich panel infilled steel frames with different interface conditions. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, 171 (2), 166–177.
[15] Asadzadeh, S. A., Mohamadi, M., Khajeh Ahmad Attari, N., and Zareei, S. A. (2020). An experimental study on the effect of frame-to-wall connection type on the seismic behavior of steel frames infilled with autoclave-cured aerated concrete blocks. Advances in Structural Engineering, 1–15.
[16] Kahrizi, M., and TahamouliRoudsari, M. (2020). Experimental Study on Properties of Masonry Infill Walls Connected to Steel Frames with Different Connection Details. Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, 14 (2), 165-185.
 [17] Pachideh, G., Gholhaki, M., Yadegari, A., and Shiri, M. (2016). Modeling and Analysis of Thin Steel Plate Shear Walls Using the New Method, 2nd international conference on civil engineering, architecture & urban planning elites, London-united kingdom ,124-136
 
[18] Kheyroddin, A.,. Gholhaki, M., and  Pachideh., Gh. (2019). Seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete moment frames retrofitted with steel braces using IDA and pushover methods in the near-fault field, Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering 7 (1), 159-173.
 
[19] Ismail. N., El-Maaddawy. T., Khattak. N., and Najmal., A. (2019). In-Plane Shear Strength Improvement of Hollow Concrete Masonry Panels Using a Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix. American Society of Civil Engineers, 22(2), 4-13
 
[20] Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2000). FEMA 356: Prestandard  for the seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings. Washington, D.C, USA.
[21] Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2007). FEMA 461: Interim testing protocols for determining the seismic performance characteristics of structural and nonstructural components. Burlingame, CA, USA.
 
[22] American Institute of Steel Constuction (AISC).(2010). Specification for Structure Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC318-10). Chicago, USA
 
[23] American Concrete Institute (ACI).(2019). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19). USA
 
[24] Hashemi. S.J., Razzaghi. J. S., Moghadam. A., Lourenço. P. B. (2018b). Cyclic testing of steel frames infilled with concrete sandwich panels. Archives of civil and mechanical engineering, 18: 557–572.

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History

  • Receive Date: 07 July 2022
  • Revise Date: 30 September 2022
  • Accept Date: 26 October 2022

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