مهندسی سازه و ساخت

مهندسی سازه و ساخت

ارزیابی خواص مکانیکی خاک رسی تثبیت‌شده با پسماند سیلیکات سدیم و آهک

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران
4 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران
10.22065/jsce.2026.584879.4004
چکیده
خاک‌های رسی به دلیل ظرفیت باربری پایین ذاتی، رفتار انقباض–انبساط قابل‌توجه و حساسیت بالا به تغییرات رطوبتی، چالش‌های مهمی را در مهندسی ژئوتکنیک ایجاد می‌کنند. در این پژوهش، آهک با پسماند سیلیکات سدیم (SSW) ترکیب شد تا رویکردی پایدار و مقرون‌به‌صرفه برای بهسازی و تثبیت خاک‌های رسی و ارتقای عملکرد مهندسی آن‌ها ارائه گردد. اهداف اصلی شامل کاهش مصرف آهک، افزایش مقاومت مکانیکی و بهره‌برداری مجدد از یک محصول جانبی صنعتی با فعالیت پوزولانی بالا بود. پسماند سیلیکات سدیم مورد استفاده حاوی فازهای معدنی واکنش‌پذیر نظیر آنالسیم، گهلنیت، آنورتیت و کلسیت بود که در محیط قلیایی ناشی از هیدراسیون آهک، در واکنش‌های شیمیایی شرکت کرده و منجر به تشکیل ترکیبات سیمانی از جمله هیدرات سیلیکات کلسیم (C–S–H) و هیدرات آلومینوسیلیکات کلسیم (C–A–S–H) شدند. نتایج آزمایشگاهی شامل مقاومت فشاری تک‌محوری (UCS)، حدود اتربرگ و آزمایش‌های تراکم نشان داد که افزودن SSW نه‌تنها به‌صورت هم‌افزا موجب افزایش مقاومت خاک می‌شود، بلکه شاخص خمیری را کاهش داده و رفتار تراکمی را بهبود می‌بخشد. مشاهدات ریزساختاری با استفاده از میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) تشکیل شبکه‌های ژلی متراکم و فازهای سیمانی جدید در مرز دانه‌های خاک را تأیید کرد که بیانگر سازوکارهای تثبیت است. علاوه بر مزایای فنی، استفاده مجدد از این پسماند صنعتی موجب کاهش قابل‌توجه مصرف آهک و انتشار CO₂ مرتبط شد و راهکاری سازگار با محیط‌زیست برای مدیریت پسماند ارائه داد. در مجموع، نتایج نشان می‌دهد که تثبیت خاک با ترکیب آهک و SSW رویکردی پایدار، کارآمد و عملی برای بهسازی خاک‌های رسی مسئله‌دار در کاربردهای ژئوتکنیکی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Clay Stabilized with Sodium Silicate Waste and Lime

نویسندگان English

Ahmad Yousefi 1
Mohmmad Azadi 2
Homayoun Jahanian 3
Alireza Tabarsa 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering, Qa.C., Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, , Qa.C., Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Qa.C., Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, , Golestan University , Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده English

Clay soils pose significant challenges in geotechnical engineering due to their inherently low bearing capacity, pronounced shrink–swell behavior, and high sensitivity to moisture variations. In this study, lime was combined with sodium silicate waste (SSW) to provide a sustainable and cost-effective stabilization technique aimed at improving the engineering performance of clayey soils. The key objectives were to minimize lime usage, enhance mechanical strength, and valorize an industrial byproduct with high pozzolanic reactivity. The SSW employed contained reactive mineral phases such as analcime, gehlenite, anorthite, and calcite, which, under the alkaline environment created by lime hydration, participated in chemical reactions forming cementitious compounds including calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) and calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C–A–S–H). Laboratory investigations—comprising unconfined compressive strength (UCS), Atterberg limits, and compaction tests—demonstrated that incorporating SSW not only synergistically increased soil strength but also reduced plasticity indices and improved compaction behavior. Microstructural observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the formation of dense gel networks and new cementitious phases at soil particle interfaces, validating the underlying stabilization mechanisms. Beyond technical benefits, the reuse of this industrial waste substantially decreased lime demand and associated CO₂ emissions, offering an environmentally responsible solution for waste management. Overall, the results highlight lime–SSW stabilization as a sustainable, efficient, and practical strategy for treating problematic clay soils in geotechnical applications.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Soil stabilization
Clay soil
Sodium silicate waste (SSW)
Lime
Pozzolanic reaction
C–S–H
SEM
Sustainable development
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  • تاریخ دریافت 13 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 26 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 01 تیر 1405