Damage assessments of reinforced concrete shear walls using visual features of surface crack patterns

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 َAssistant Professor, Department of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 B. Sc. in Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology

3 M. Sc. in Structural Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology

4 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to quantify the damage of reinforced concrete shear walls after the earthquakes. One of the most important tasks after earthquakes is to assess the buildings and make sure that they are safe to occupy. So far, this assessment is mostly conducted by visual inspection and measuring the crack width that is prone to error. Thus, automation of the damage assessment using image processing techniques can significantly improve the assessment accuracy. In this paper, a database comprising 236 images of 72 damaged walls at various drift levels is collected. The database covers a broad range of structural and geometric properties. The crack pattern associated with each wall and each drift ratio is one by one extracted manually, and the corresponding geometry indices of each crack pattern are calculated. The indices are assessed and the correlation with drift ratio is investigated. Finally, using symbolic regression, empirical equations are proposed that can predict the peak drift ratio that the wall has experienced during an earthquake using the crack pattern. Four scenarios are considered for obtaining the empirical equations. The predicted drift ratio along with fragility curves can finally be used to estimate the damage level of the walls.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  • [1] Farhidzadeh A, Dehghan-Niri E, Moustafa A, Salamone S and Whittaker A. (2013) Damage assessment of reinforced concrete structures using fractal analysis of residual crack patterns, Experimental Mechanics, 53(9), 1607–1619.
  • [2] Vienna, Austria, (2002) Guidebook on non-destructive testing of concrete structures, IAEA.
  • [3] Issa, MA, Islam, MS, Chudnovsky A. (2003) Fractal dimension-a measure of fracture roughness and toughness of concrete, Eng Fract Mech, 70(1), 125-137.
  • [4] Ebrahimkhanlou A, Farhidzadeh A, Salamone S. (2016) Multifractal analysis of crack patterns in reinforced concrete shear walls. Struct Health Monit 15(1): 81–92.
  • [5] Momeni H, Dolatshahi KM. (2019). Predictive equations for drift ratio and damage assessment of RC shear walls using surface crack patterns. Engineering Structures, 190, 410-421.
  • [6] Madani HM, Dolatshahi, KM. (2020). Strength and stiffness estimation of damaged reinforced concrete shear walls using crack patterns. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 27(4).
  • [7] Dolatshahi KM, Beyer K. (2019) Stiffness and Strength Estimation of Damaged Unreinforced Masonry Walls Using Crack Pattern. Earthq. Eng. 1–20.
  • [8] Athanasiou A, Ebrahimkhanlou A, Zaborac J, Hrynyk T, Salamone S. (2020) A machine learning approach based on multifractal features for crack assessment of reinforced concrete shells. Comput-Aided Civ Infrastruct Eng 35(6): 565–578.
  • [9] Rezaie A, Mauron AJP, Beyer K. (2020) Sensitivity analysis of fractal dimensions of crack maps on concrete and masonry walls. Autom Constr 117: 103258.
  • [10] Asjodi AH, Daeizadeh MJ, Hamidia M, Dolatshahi KM. (2021) Arc Length method for extracting crack pattern characteristics. Struct Control and Heal Monit 28(1): 1–14
  • [11] Mandelbrot RP. (1983) The fractal geometry of nature, H. Freeman NewYork.
  • [12] De Melo R. (2007) Using fractal characteristics such as fractal dimension, lacunarity and succolarity to characterize texture patterns on images, Master’s thesis, Federal Fluminense University.
  • [13] Gefen Y, Meir Y, and Aharony A. (1983) Geometric implementation of hypercubic lattices with noninteger dimensionality by use of low lacunarity fractal lattices. Physical Review Letters, 50: 145-148.
  • [14] Allain C and Cloitre M. (1991) Characterizing the lacunarity of random and deterministic fractal sets Rev. A 44(6), 3552.
  • [15] De Melo R, Conci A. (2013) How Succolarity could be used as another fractal measure in image analysis, Telecommunication Systems, 52(3), 1643-1655.
  • [16] Luna BN, Rivera JP, Whittaker AS. (2015) Seismic behavior of low-aspect-ratio reinforced concrete shear walls. ACI Struct J;112:593–603.
  • [17] Tran T, Wallace JW. (2012) Experimental study of nonlinear flexural and shear deformations of reinforced concrete structural walls. 15th World Conf Earthq Eng.
  • [18] Birely A, Lehman D, Lowes L, Kuchma D, Hart C, Marley K. (2008) Investigation of the seismic behavior and analysis of reinforced concrete structural walls. 14th World Conf Earthq Eng Oct 12-17, Beijing, China.
  • [19] Kuang JS, Ho YB. (2006) Inherent ductility of reinforced concrete shear walls with non-seismic detailing. 31st Conf Our World Concr Struct.
  • [20] Massone LM. (2006) RC wall shear – flexure interaction: analytical and experimental responses. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
  • [21] Greifenhagen C, Lestuzzi P. (2005) Static cyclic tests on lightly reinforced concrete shear walls. Eng Struct 27:1703–12.
  • [22] Oh YH, Han SW, Lee LH. (2002) Effect of boundary element details on the seismic deformation capacity of structural walls. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 31:1583–602.
  • [23] Dazio A, Beyer K, Bachmann H. (2009) Quasi-static cyclic tests and plastic hinge analysis of RC structural walls. Eng Struct 31:1556–71.
  • [24] Salonikios TN, Kappos AJ, Tegos I a, Penelis GG. (2000) Cyclic load behavior of low-slenderness reinforced concrete walls : failure modes , strength and deformation analysis , and design implications 132(42).
  • [25] Tomaževič M, Lutman M, Capuder F, Petković L. (1996) Seismic behaviour of R. C. shear-walls : an experimental study. Elev World Conf Earthq Eng Acapulco, Mexico
  • [26] Lopes MS.(2001) Experimental shear-dominated response of RC walls. Part I: Objectives, methodology and results. Eng Struct 23:564–74.
  • [27] Lefas I, Kotsovos M, Ambraseys N. (1990) Behavior of reinforced concrete structural walls: strength, deformation characteristics, and failure mechanism. ACI Struct J.
  • [28] Pilakoutas K, Elnashai (1995) Cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete cantilever walls, Part I: Experimental results. ACI Struct J 92:271–81.
  • [29] Schmidt, M, Lipson H. (2009) Distilling free-form natural laws from experimental data Science 324 (5923), 81-85.
Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering
Volume 9, Issue 8 - Serial Number 61
November 2022
Pages 20-39

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 08 October 2021
  • Revise Date: 24 November 2021
  • Accept Date: 27 January 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics