انجمن مهندسی سازه ایران مهندسی سازه و ساخت 2476-3977 13 05 2026 07 23 Physical modeling of concrete piles with variable geometry in the carbonate sand (Lateral and axial loading) Physical modeling of concrete piles with variable geometry in the carbonate sand (Lateral and axial loading) 238221 10.22065/jsce.2026.486971.3562 FA محمدرضا پردل گروه آموزشی ژئوتکنیک-دانشکده عمران و محیط زیست-دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر-تهران-ایران غلامرضا هوایی دانشکده مهندسی عمران دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر،تهران،ایران 0000-0001-9132-1149 ابوالفضل اسلامی دانشکده مهندسی عمران،دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر،تهران،ایران 0000-0002-5968-8423 Journal Article 2024 11 04 Given the importance of piling projects and their prevalence in carbonate sands, it is essential to examine pile designs and methodologies to enhance the carrying capacity of carbonate soil in these areas. Due to their distinctive structure, carbonate sands, classified as problematic soils, exhibit brittleness and corrosiveness, thereby complicating pile driving operations. This work aimed to implement the physical and numerical modeling of piles with varied geometry to achieve effective performance in this specific soil type. We fabricated four concrete piles with differing geometries and identical material quantities to achieve this goal. We employed four tapered angles, each with a height of 50 cm and a length-to-diameter ratio of 10, to assess the performance of concrete piles. We used the loading frame and hydraulic jack to conduct eight static loading tests in both axial and lateral orientations. We conducted experiments on a soil type that exhibits 60% density. We conducted the experiment using carbonate sand from the Bushehr region. The overall bearing capacity went up as the tapered angle went up. For three conic angles, the axial bearing capacity of the concrete piles went up by 18%, 67%, and 108% compared to the cylindrical sample. We juxtaposed and evaluated the laboratory results against the outcomes of numerical modeling. The results indicated that the data from the laboratory experiments closely aligned with the data from the 3D finite element modeling. Given the importance of piling projects and their prevalence in carbonate sands, it is essential to examine pile designs and methodologies to enhance the carrying capacity of carbonate soil in these areas. Due to their distinctive structure, carbonate sands, classified as problematic soils, exhibit brittleness and corrosiveness, thereby complicating pile driving operations. This work aimed to implement the physical and numerical modeling of piles with varied geometry to achieve effective performance in this specific soil type. We fabricated four concrete piles with differing geometries and identical material quantities to achieve this goal. We employed four tapered angles, each with a height of 50 cm and a length-to-diameter ratio of 10, to assess the performance of concrete piles. We used the loading frame and hydraulic jack to conduct eight static loading tests in both axial and lateral orientations. We conducted experiments on a soil type that exhibits 60% density. We conducted the experiment using carbonate sand from the Bushehr region. The overall bearing capacity went up as the tapered angle went up. For three conic angles, the axial bearing capacity of the concrete piles went up by 18%, 67%, and 108% compared to the cylindrical sample. We juxtaposed and evaluated the laboratory results against the outcomes of numerical modeling. The results indicated that the data from the laboratory experiments closely aligned with the data from the 3D finite element modeling.