ارزیابی خواص مکانیکی و دوام ملات های ژئوپلیمری بر مبنای سربارۀ کورۀ آهن گدازی و جایگزینی با درصد هایی از کائولن در مولار مختلف

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکدۀ فنی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد عمران سازه، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکدۀ فنی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

ژئوپلیمرها مواد آلومینوسیلیکاتی هستند که می توانند جایگزین مناسبی برای انواع بتن باشند، زیرا با حذف آلاینده هایی نظیر CO2 به حفظ محیط زیست کمک می کنند. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی مشخصات مکانیکی و دوام ملات های ژئوپلیمری بر مبنای سرباره(GGBFS) و جایگزینی با درصدهایی از کائولن در چند مولار مختلف می‌ پردازد. ازسدیم هیدروکسید با غلظت 4و8 مولار و سدیم سیلیکات به عنوان فعال کننده استفاده شده است. مواد پایه مذکور به صورت تنها و به صورت ترکیب با اجزای دیگر مخلوط بررسی شده اند. بدین منظور پودر کائولن در درصد های 50% و 75% با سرباره مخلوط شده اند که با احتساب مخلوط های غیر ترکیبی در مجموع 12 طرح اختلاط ساخته شده است. خصوصیات مورد بررسی شامل: مقاومت فشاری، خمشی، کششی، درصد جذب آب و مقاومت الکتریکی در سن 28 روزه بوده است. مقاومت فشاری نمونه های ژئوپلیمری در سنین 7، 28 و90 روزه تعیین گردید و نتایج زیر حاصل شد: استفاده از پلیمر در آزمایش مقاومت فشاری 7 و 28 روزه در نمونه طرح 8BS نسبت به طرح شاهد 4S به ترتیب باعث بهبود 15% و 24% مقاومت نمونه ها ‌شد. در آزمایش کششی نمونه طرح اختلاط 4-50 SC( Mpa79/2) نسبت به نمونه طرح شاهد 4S (Mpa 63/2) باعث بهبود 6% مقاومت نمونه شد. در آزمایش مقاومت خمشی بین نمونه طرح شاهد 4 Sنسبت به نمونه طرح 8BS تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد. در آزمایش جذب آب نهایی، نمونه طرح های اختلاط حاوی پودر کائولن در کنار سرباره جذب آب تقریباً یکسانی داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of mechanical properties and durability of geopolymer mortar based on the granulated blast furnace slag replaced with patial replacement of kaolin in different molarity

نویسندگان [English]

  • seyed. Hosein Ghasemzadeh mousavinejad 1
  • Arian Darvishalinezhad 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical Faculty, University of Giulan, Rasht, Iran
2 MSc Student of Structural Engineering, Department of Civil Engineeing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan,, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Geopolymers are aluminosilicate materials that can be a suitable alternative to all types of concrete, because they help preserve the environment by removing pollutants such as CO2. The present study examines the mechanical characteristics and durability of slag-based geopolymer mortars (GGBFS) and its replacement with different percentages of kaolin in several molar amounts. Sodium hydroxide with a concentration of 4 and 8 M and sodium silicate have been used as activators. The mentioned basic materials have been examined alone and in combination with other components of the mixture. For this purpose, kaolin powder has been mixed with slag in the percentages of 50% and 75%, which, including non-combined mixtures, has made a total of 12 mixing designs. The studied properties included: compressive, bending and tensile strengths, percentage of water absorption and electrical resistance at the age of 28 days. The compressive strength of geopolymer samples at the ages of 7, 28 and 90 days was determined and the following results were obtained: The use of polymer in the 7 and 28 day compressive strength test in the BS8 design sample compared to the S4 control design improved the strength of the samples by 15% and 24%, respectively. In the tensile test of the SC50-4 mixing design sample (2.79 Mpa) compared to the control S4 design sample (2.63 Mpa), the strength of the sample improved by 6%. In the flexural strength test, no significant difference was observed between the S4 design sample and the BS8 design sample. In the final water absorption test, the samples of mixing designs containing kaolin powder next to slag had almost the same water absorption.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Geopolymer Mortar
  • GGBFS
  • Kaolin
  • Durability
  • Compressive Strength
  • Mechanical Properties

مراجع

]1[ Yip, C.K., Lukey, G.C., van Deventer, J.S.J. (2005). The coexistence of geopolymeric gel and calcium silicate hydrate at the early stage of alkaline activation. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(9), 1688–1697. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.10.042.
]2[ Bernal, S. A., Rodríguez, E. D., Mejía, R., Gordillo, M., Provis, J. (2011). Mechanical and thermal characterisation of geopolymers based on silicate-activated metakaolin/slag blends. Journal of Materials Science , 46(16), 5477–5486. doi:10.1007/s10853-011-5490-z.
]3 [BS 6699:1992. (1992), Specification for ground granulated blast furnace slag for use with Portland cement, 1Ed.
]4[ Prasanna Venkatesan, R. and Pazhani, K. C. (2016). Strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete made with graulated blast furnace slag and black rice husk ash. KSCE Journal of civil engineering, 20(6), 2384-2391. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-9162-4_22.
]5 [Maddah, M. R.  (2013). The effect of different solutions in geopolymer cement production with two types of pozzolan and evaluation of mechanical properties and chloride ion penetration in these concretes, M.Sc. Thesis, AmirKabir University of Technology.
]6[ Assaad, J. J. & Daou, Y., (2016). Behavior of structural polymer-modified concrete containing recycled aggregates, Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 31(8) pp. 874-896. doi:10.1080/01694243.2016.1235750.
]7[ Mermerdaş, K., Manguri, S., Nassani, D. E., and Oleiwi, S. M. (2017). Effect of aggregate properties on the mechanical and absorption characteristics of geopolymer mortar. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 20(6), 1642–1652. doi:10.1016/j.jestch.2017.11.009.
]8[ Sharma, A.,  Ahmad, J., (2017).  Experimental study of factors influencing compressive strength of geopolemer concrete, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(5), 1306-1313.
]9[ Kwasny, J., Aiken, T. A.,  Soutsos, M. N., McIntosh, J. A. & Cleland, D. J., (2018). Sulfate and acid resistance of lithomarge-based geopolymer mortars, Construction and building materials, 166,  pp. 537-553. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.129.
[10] Zhuang, H. J.,  Zhang, H. Y. & Xu, H., (2017). Resistance of geopolymer mortar to acid and chloride attacks, Procedia Engineering, 210,  pp. 126-131. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.11.057.
]11[ Patel, Y.J.,  Shah, N. (2018). Study on Workability and Hardened Properties of Self Compacted Geopolymer Concrete Cured at Ambient Temperature, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 11(1), 1-12. doi: 10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i1/117698.
]12 [Zhang, H. Y., Kodur, V., Wu, B., Yan, J., and Yuan, Z. S. (2018). Effect of temperature on bond characteristics of geopolymer concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 163, 277–285. doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.043.
]13[ Pachideh, G., & Gholhaki, M. (2020). Effect of pozzolanic wastes on mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of the cementitious mortars. Journal of Building Engineering, 101178. doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101178.
]14[ Pachideh, G., Gholhaki, M., & Moshtagh, A. (2019). On the post-heat performance of cement mortar containing silica fume or Granulated Blast- Furnace Slag. Journal of Building Engineering, 24, 100757. doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100757.
]15[ Pachideh, G., & Gholhaki, M. (2020). An experimental into effect of temperature rise on mechanical and visual characteristics of concrete containing recycled metal spring. Structural Concrete. doi:10.1002/suco.201900274.
[16] Saranya, P., Nagarajan, P., & Shashikala, A. P. (2020). Behaviour of GGBS-dolomite geopolymer concrete beam-column joints under monotonic loading. Structures, 25, 47–55. doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2020.02.021.
]17[ Feiteira, J. & Ribeiro, M. S., (2013). Polymer action on alkali–silica reaction in cement mortar, Cement and Concrete Research, 44  pp. 97-105. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.09.008.
]18[ Ganesan, S., Mydin, M.A., Sani, N.M., Che Ani, A. I., (2014). Performance of Polymer Modified Mortar with Different Dosage of Polymeric Modifier. MATEC Web of Conferences, 15  01039. doi:10.1051/matecconf/20141501039.
]19[ Doğan, M., Bideci, A., (2016). Effect of Styrene Butadiene Copolymer (SBR) admixture on high strength concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 112  pp. 378-385. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.204.
]20 [Bhogayata, A. C. & Arora, N. K. (2018). Workability, strength, and durability of concrete containing recycled plastic fibers and styrene-butadiene rubber latex, Construction and Building Materials, 180 pp. 382-395. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.175.
]21 [Aggarwal, L. K.,  Thapliyal, P. C. & Karade, S. R. (2007). Properties of polymer-modified mortars using epoxy and acrylic emulsions, Construction and Building Materials, 21(2) pp. 379-383. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.007.
]22[ Bagheri, A. R., & Hashemi, S. (2008). Influence of (SBR) Latex and Silica Fume on Properties and Performance of Cement- based Repair Concretes. Journal of Advanced Materials in Engineering (Esteghlal). 26 (2) pp. 33-47.
]23[ Liu, B., Shi, J., Sun, M., He, Z., Xu, H., Tan, J., (2020). Mechanical and permeability properties of polymer-modified concrete using hydrophobic agent. Journal of Building Engineering, 31(9) 101337. doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101337.
]24[ Jo, Y.-K. (2020). Adhesion in tension of polymer cement mortar by curing conditions using polymer dispersions as cement modifier. Construction and Building Materials, 242  118134. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118134.
]25[ Chehrazi Sefiddashti, H., Madani, H. & Saeedikia, A. (2020). " Investigation and properties of cement based mixtures containing different type of polymers ", Sharif Journal, 36.2(3.2) pp.135-145.
[26] Ramezanianpor, A., et al.  (2018). Studying the Effect of the Amount of Source Materials and Water to Binder Ratio on Chloride Ions Ingress in Alkali-Activated Slag Concretes, Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering, 50(4), 673-684. doi:10.22060/CEEJ.2016.695.
[27] Jafari Nadoushan, M. and Ramezanianpor, A.A, (2019). Mechanical Properties of Alkali Activated Slag Pastes and Determination of Optimum Values of Effective Factors, Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering, 50(6), 1043-1052. doi: 10.22060/CEEJ.2017.11113.4977.
[28] Najmi, S., Rahbari, A., Darvishan, E., Adabi, M. (2020). Effect of Microsilica and CFRP Fibers on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag–Based Geopolymer Concrete. Modares Civil Engineering journal, 20(5), 207-218.
[29] Moodi, F., et al. (2021).  Durability of cementitious and geopolymer coating mortars against sulfuric acid attack, Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering, 53(9), 6-6. doi: 10.22060/CEEJ.2020.18068.6757.
]30[ Rajini, B. and Narasimha Rao, A.N., (2014). Mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete with fly ash and GGBS as source materials. International Journal of Innovative Research in science, Engineering and Technology, 3(9), 15944-15953.
]31[ Omer, S. A., Demirboga, R., and Khushefati, W. H. (2015). Relationship between compressive strength and UPV of GGBFS based geopolymer mortars exposed to elevated temperatures. Construction and Building Materials, 94, 189–195. doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.006.
[32] ASTM C33, Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003.
]33[ Luhar, I., Luhar, S., Abdullah, M.M.A.B., Nabiałek, M., Sandu, A.V., Szmidla, J., Jurczy´nska, A., Razak, R.A., Aziz, I.H.A., Jamil, N.H., et al. (2021). Assessment of theSuitability of Ceramic Waste in Geopolymer Composites: An Appraisal. Materials, 14(12) , 3279. doi:10.3390/ma14123279.
]34[ Bello, I.A., Olalusi, O.B., Olutoge, F.A. (2017). Effect of Salt Water on the Compressive Strength of Ceramic Powder Concrete. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 6(4), 158-163.
]35[ Yaseri, S., Hajiaghaei, G., Mohammadi, F., Mahdikhani, M. and Farokhzad, R. (2017). The role of synthesis parameters on the workability, setting and strength properties of binary binder based geopolymer paste. Construction and Building Materials, 157, 534-545.
]36 [Peng, Hui, et al. (2019). Microstructure and microhardness property of the interface between a metakaolin/GGBFS-based geopolymer paste and granite aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 221, 263-273. doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.090Get.
]37 [EN, BS 1881-125. (2013). Testing concrete Methods for mixing and sampling fresh concrete in the laboratory. British Standards Institution.
]38[ ASTM C293. (2016). Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete. Annual book of ASTM standards. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials.
]39[  ASTM C496. (2017). Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. Annual book of ASTM standards. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials.
]40[ ASTM C192. (2019). Standard Practice For Making And Curing Concrete Test Specimens In The Laboratory, Annual book of ASTM standards. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials.
]41[ ASTM C642. (2021). Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete. Annual book of ASTM standards. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: American Society of Testing Materials.
]42[ Designation: FM 5-578, (2004). Florida Method of Test for Concrete Resistivity as an Electrical Indicator of its Permeability.
[43] ACI: 222R-01, (2010) - Protection of Metals in Concrete Against Corrosion: American Concrete Institute (ACI).
]44[ Elchalakani, M., Dong, M., Karrech, A., Li, G., Mohamed Ali, M. S., Xie, T. and Yang, B. (2018). Develiopment of Fly Ash-and Slag-Based Geopolymer Concrete with Calcium Carbonate or Microsilica. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 30(12), 04018325-1­–04018325-14. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002527.
]45[ Cyr, M., Idir, R., Poinot, T. (2012). Properties of inorganic polymer (geopolymer) mortars made of glass cullet. Journal of Materials Science, 47(6), 2782–2797. doi:10.1007/s10853-011-6107-2.
[46] Ramezanianpour, A. K. (2014). Cement Replacement Materials: Properties, Durability. Sustainability, Berlin: Springer, 1–336. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36721-2.
[47] Buenfeld, N. R., et al. (1998). Chloride Transport in Concrete Subjected to Electric Field, A.S.C.E. Journal of Materials in Civil Eng; 10(4), 220-228.
[48] Yazdi MA, Liebscher M, Hempel S, Yang J, Mechtcherine V. (2018) Correlation of microstructural and mechanical properties of geopolymers produced from fly ash and slag at room temperature. Construction and Building Materials. 191:330-41.
[49] Jamali, N. Rezvani, A. Khosravi, H. and Tohidlou, E. (2018). “On the Mechanical Behavior of Basalt Fiber/Epoxy Composites filled with silanized graphene oxide nanoplatelets”, Polymer Composites, DOI 10.1002/pc.24766.
[50] Khosravi, H. Eslami-Farsani, R. and Ebrahimnezhad-Khaljiri, H. (2016) “An Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy/Basalt/Carbon Nanotube Composites under Tensile and Flexural Loadings”, Journal of Science and Technology of Composites, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 187-194. )In Persian(.
]51[ Aryanpour m, Amiri m. (2019). The Effects of High Temperatures on Concrete Performance based on Nanostructural Changes in Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H). Concrete Research, 12(4) pp. 69-80.
]52[ Amiri M, Aryanpour M. (2021). The Effect of High Temperatures on the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Geopolymer Concrete. Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering. 52(12), pp. 2987-3002. doi: 10.22060/CEEJ.2019.16419.6219.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 مهر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 مهر 1401

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار