تعیین میزان تأثیر عوامل اتلاف هزینه در هزینه کل پروژه‌های ساخت آپارتمانهای مسکونی

نوع مقاله : یادداشت فنی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت پروژه و ساخت، دانشکده معماری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد دانشکده معماری پردیس هنرهای زیبای دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

افزایش هزینه یکی از مباحثی است که همواره بر موفقیت پروژه اثر منفی داشته و به دو قسمت سرریز هزینه و اتلاف مالی تقسیم میشود. سرریز هزینه به معنای تفاوت حاصل از قیمت واقعی و قیمت تخمینی پروژه می باشد و منظور از اتلاف هزینه، هزینه هایی است که در قبال فعالیتها و رخدادهایی داده می شود که هیچ نقش مثبتی در فرآیند پروژه نداشته و ارزش افزوده ای ایجاد نمی‌کنند. این پژوهش به مقوله دوم یعنی اتلاف هزینه در ساخت آپارتمانها پرداخته و ضمن جستجو و بررسی عمیق مقالات و پژوهشهای با موضوع افزایش هزینه، توسط مصاحبه با خبرگان و تحلیل تم به سه عامل اصلی دوباره‌کاری، بیکاری نیروی انسانی و ضایعات مصالح رسید. اما منحصربفرد بودن این مقاله مربوط به قسمتی است که میزان تأثیر این عوامل نسبت به هزینه کل تعیین شده است. منظور از هزینه کل، هزینه تولید ساختمان است و هزینه های مربوط به مجوزها و قیمت زمین را دربر نمی‌گیرد. با توجه به عدم وجود مستنداتی که هزینه های ساختمانی در آن به درستی ثبت شده باشد، تنها منبع جمع‌آوری داده مدیران پروژه هستند که داده های موردنیاز با پرسشنامه‌ای حاوی چهار سؤال از 130 مدیر پروژه اخذ گردید. خاطرنشان می‌شود سه سؤال پرسشنامه جواب بلی یا خیر داشت و تنها سؤال آخر نیازمند تخمین مدیر پروژه بود در نتیجه پرسشنامه ارائه شده با توجه به معیارهای تدوین پرسشنامه، بسیار مطلوب و کارا بود. روش مورد استفاده نیز مدل رگرسیون خطی لاسو انتخاب گردید که با توجه به هدف مقاله، نوع داده‌ها و احتمال وجود خطا در تخمین، یکی از گزینه های مطلوب و کاملاً سازگار با شرایط مسأله بود. در نهایت از بین سه عامل، دوباره‌کاری به عنوان مهمترین عامل اتلاف هزینه بدست آمد و در صورت وجود هر سه عامل در پروژه مقدار اتلاف هزینه‌ای 3.12% هزینه کل پروژه محاسبه گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the impact of cost waste causes in residential buildings construction total cost

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Mohammadi Ghazimahalleh 1
  • Mahmood Golabchi 2
1 project management, Faculty of school of architecture, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, School of Architecture,College of Fine Arts, Tehran university, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Cost increase is one of important factors that always have a negative effect on project success. Cost increase is divided in two parts: cost overrun and cost waste. Cost overrun is the difference between the actual and estimated cost of project and money waste is the cost that paid for non-value-added activities that are no positive effect on project process. This paper has researched on cost waste causes in building construction. In addition to the articles in-depth review, by semi-structured interview with experts and thematic analysis, this paper has identified 3 main causes that are reworks, material waste and labor inaction. But the uniqueness of this paper is related to the numerical calculation of the impact of these cause on total cost. Total cost is cost of building production without costs related to permits and land price. Required data were collected from 130 project manager by using a questionnaire containing four questions. The answer of three questions in questionnaire were Yes or No and just one last question requires estimation of the project manager. As a result, according to criteria codification, the efficient questionnaire was provided. Lasso regression Model were used that according to the type of data and the possibility of error in estimating was fully compatible with the problem. Finally, among three causes, rework were obtained as the most important cause and If there is any loss in the case of presenting three causes in project, costs waste was estimated 3.12% of the total cost.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "cost increase"
  • "Cost waste"
  • "waste cause"
  • "residential apartment"
  • "total cost"
  • "LASSO regression method"
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